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Client - Server Architecture

The document discusses two main types of network architecture: client-server and peer-to-peer. In client-server architecture, specialized servers provide services to other computers acting as clients. Common examples include web and email servers. Peer-to-peer networks have no dedicated servers and all computers act as both clients and servers. The document also covers different network topologies including star, bus, ring and mesh configurations.

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ShreeleshNair
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59 views

Client - Server Architecture

The document discusses two main types of network architecture: client-server and peer-to-peer. In client-server architecture, specialized servers provide services to other computers acting as clients. Common examples include web and email servers. Peer-to-peer networks have no dedicated servers and all computers act as both clients and servers. The document also covers different network topologies including star, bus, ring and mesh configurations.

Uploaded by

ShreeleshNair
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Architecture

(1). Client – Server architecture:

•This type of network has certain machines (servers) that are especially
dedicated to provide various services to the other computers ( clients).

•Different types of specialized servers include file, fax, printer, modem, e-mail,
database server.
• Visiting a web site is a good example of Client-Server architecture. The web
server serves the WebPages to the web browser. Most Internet services are
types of servers.

• Characteristics of a server:
• Passive
• Waits for requests
• Upon receipt of requests, processes them and then serves replies

• Characteristics of a client:
• Active
• Sends requests
• Waits for and receives server replies

• Advantages:
• Much more efficient at handling large databases and managing files.
• Critical data is backed up at one central location.
• Disadvantages:
• Server failure collapse network.
• Need to purchase client server network software.

• Peer to Peer architecture:


• In this, there are no dedicated servers. All computers are equal, & therefore are
termed as peer. Normally, each of these machines functions as both client & server.
• This arrangement is suitable for environments with a limited number of users. The
basic advantage of this is simplicity of design & maintenance.
 With a single server based system, server malfunction can
result in the network shutting down.
 In contrast, a failure of a node on a peer to peer network means
that the network can no longer access the applications or data
on that node but other than this it should continue to function.

 Advantages :
 Works well for smaller offices of ten or less workstations
 Easy to set up
 Easy to maintain as long as it stays small.
 Software already built in.

 Disadvantages :
 Becomes more difficult to administrate as it gets
larger.
 Individual users must do data backups.
 security becomes inadequate as network grows.
 Not well suited for large database applications
Network Topologies
 Network topology: The geometrical arrangement of computer resources,
communication facilities is known as network structure or network topology.
 A computer network is comprised of nodes & links.
 The term circuit & channels are frequently used as synonyms for link.

 Types of topologies:

Star topology :

 It is most common structure .


 Processing nodes are interconnected directly with a central system.
 If it is desired to transmit information from one node to another, it can be done only
by sending the details to the central node, which in turn sends them to the
destination.
• Advantages are it is easy to add new & remove nodes.
• a node failure does not bring down the entire network.
• it is easier to diagnose network problems through a central hub.
• Disadvantages are if the central hub fails, the whole network ceases to function.
Bus topology
• It is very popular for LAN.
• In this, a single network cable runs in the building or campus & all nodes are linked
along with this communication line with two endpoints called the bus or backbone.
Two ends of the cable are terminated with terminators.

Advantages :
• It is reliable in very small networks as well as easy to use & understand.
• requires the least among of cable to connect the computers together & therefore is less
expensive than other cabling arrangements.
• It is easy to extend.
Disadvantages :
• Heavy network traffic can slow a bus considerably.
• Each connection between two cables weakens the electrical signal, it is difficult to
troubleshoot.
Ring topology

• In this, network cable passes from one node to another until all nodes are connected
in the form of a loop or ring.
• There is a direct point- to- point link between two neighboring nodes. These links are
unidirectional which ensures that transmission by a node traverses the whole ring
and comes back to the node, which made the transmission.
 Advantages
 Ring networks offer high performance for a small number of workstations.
 It can span longer distances than other types of networks, it is easy to
extend.
 Disadvantages
 It is relatively expensive & difficult to install.
 Failure of one computer on the network can affect the whole network.
 It is difficult to trouble shoot.
 Adding or removing nodes can disrupt the network.

Mesh topology
 There is a random connection of nodes using communication links.
 Network lines are expensive to install and maintain. So, links are planned
very carefully after serious thoughts, to minimize cost & maintain reliable
and efficient traffic movement.
 It may be fully connected or connected with only partial links.
 In fully connected, nodes are directly connected. The reliability is very high
as there is always alternate path available if direct link between two nodes
is down or dysfunctional.
 Fully connected networks are not very common because of the high cost in
compare with partially connected mesh topology
Advantages

• It yields the greatest amount of redundancy in the events that one of the nodes fails
where network traffic can be redirected to another node.
• Network problems are easy to diagnose.
Disadvantages

• The cost of installation & maintenance is high.

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