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Class - VIII: Combustion and Flame

The document discusses combustion and flames. It defines combustion as a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat. Fuels that undergo combustion include solids, liquids and gases. Combustion results in heat and sometimes light and flame. It also describes the structure of flames and the conditions needed for fire. The summary is as follows: (1) Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen producing heat. (2) Fuels that undergo combustion include solids, liquids and gases. (3) Combustion results in heat production and sometimes light and flame.

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32- Pallavi Das
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144 views

Class - VIII: Combustion and Flame

The document discusses combustion and flames. It defines combustion as a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat. Fuels that undergo combustion include solids, liquids and gases. Combustion results in heat and sometimes light and flame. It also describes the structure of flames and the conditions needed for fire. The summary is as follows: (1) Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen producing heat. (2) Fuels that undergo combustion include solids, liquids and gases. (3) Combustion results in heat production and sometimes light and flame.

Uploaded by

32- Pallavi Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class - VIII

Chapter : 6
Combustion and Flame

Pallavi Das
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Burning of Burning of Coal
Candle

Difference : FLAME
Magnesium ribbon burns to
Charcoal burns to produces
form MgO2 and produces
CO2 , heat and light.
heat and light.
Combustion is a chemical process in
which a substance reacts with oxygen
to give off heat.
The substance that undergoes
combustion is said to be combustible .
It is also called Fuel.
The fuel may be solid, liquid or gas.
(such as coal , petrol or CNG)
Sometimes, light is also given off during combustion,
either as a flame or
as a glow .
Food is a fuel for our body as In our body
food is broken down by
reaction with oxygen and
heat is produced.
Activity :
Observations :
• In case (a), the candle burns freely in
as air can enter the chimney from below.

• In case (b), when air does not enter the


chimney from below, the flame flickers and
produces smoke.

• In case (c), the flame finally goes off


because the air is not available.
Ignition Temperature
 The lowest temperature at which a substance
catches fire .

 A combustible substance cannot catch fire or


burn as long as its temperature is lower than its
ignition temperature.
Different substances catch fire at different temperatures.
For example : Ignition temperature of kerosene oil is
lower than that of wood i.e. if kerosene oil is heated a
little, it will catche fire but if wood is heated a little, it
would still not catch fire.
Activity :
Two cups are made by folding paper.
One cup is filled with little water.
Both cups are heated separately by using candles.
Observation :
 The cup without water burns.
 In case of the cup containing water,if we continue heating
the cup, we can even boil water in the paper cup.

Reason : The heat supplied to the paper cup is transferred


to water by conduction. So, in the presence of water, the
ignition temperature of paper is not reached.
Hence, it does not burn .
Inflammable Substanes :
 The substances which have very low ignition
temperature and can easily catch fire with a
flame are called inflammable substances.

 Examples of inflammable substances are petrol,


alcohol, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG),
etc.
How do We Control Fire?
The conditions necessary for
producing fire are :
 Fuel
 Air (to supply oxygen)
 Heat (to raise the temperature beyond
ignition temperature)

Fire can be extinguished by removing one


or more of the above conditions. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Methods of controlling fire :
 By using water :
Water cools the combustible material so that its
temperature is brought below its ignition
temperature.
Water vapour also surround the combustible
material, helping in cutting off the supply of air.
So, the fire is extinguished .
Water works only when things like wood and
paper are on fire but not for electrical
equipments, petrol or diseal.
 By using Carbon dioxide :
For fires involving electrical equipment
and inflammable materials like petrol,
carbon dioxide (CO2) is the best
extinguisher CO2.
Being heavier than oxygen, it covers the
fire like a blanket and when realsed from
the cylinder it expands enormously in
volume and cools down thus bringing
down the temperature of the fuel.
Since the contact between the fuel and
oxygen is cut off, the fire is controlled.
Types of Combustion :

 Rapid Combustion

 Spontaneous Combustion

 Explosion
 Rapid Combustion :The gas burns rapidly
and produces heat and light. Such
combustion is known as rapid
combustion.
Ex : burning of LPG

 Spontaneous combustion :The type of


combustion in which a material suddenly
bursts into flames, without the application of
any apparent cause is called spontaneous
combustion .
Ex : burning of phosphorus in air
 Explosion :A large amount of gas formed in the
reaction is liberated. Such a reaction is called
explosion.
Ex : When a cracker is ignited,a sudden reaction
takes place with the
evolution of heat, light
and sound . Explosion can also take
place if pressure is applied on the
cracker.
Flames : It is the zone of combustion of the combustible substance.

Magnesium ribbon
Bunsen burner
Candle

Kerosene Lamp Camphor Charcoal


 The substances which vapourise
during burning, give flames.
Example: Kerosene oil ,molten wax

 The substances which does not


vapourise and so does not produce a
flame.
Example: Charcoal,coal
Structure of Flame :
A candle has main zones:
Outer zone
Middle zone
Inner zone
 In the outer zone, complete combustion of fuel
takes place and the colour of flame is blue.
It is the non-luminous part of the flame.

 In the middle zone, partial combustion of fuel


takes place and the colour of the flame is yellow.
It is the luminous part of the flame.

 In the inner zone, there are unburnt vapurs of the


fuel and the colour is black.
Types of fuel:
Fuels are of 3 types:
Solid fuel
(wood, coal, charcoal)

Liquid fuel
(kerosene, petrol, diseal)

Gas fuel
(CNG, LPG, biogas, hydrogen)
Characteristics of good fuel :
The main characteristics of a good fuel:
is readily available
is cheap
is easy to store and transport
burns at a moderate rate
produces a large amount of heat
doesn’t leave behind any undesirable
substances
doesn’t cause pollution
Harmful effects on the environment due
to burning of fuels:
Unburnt carbon particles are dangerous pollutants causing
respiratory diseases, such as asthma.
Incomplete combustion of these fuels gives carbon monoxide gas
which is a very poisonous gas.
Combustion of most fuels releases carbon dioxide in the
environment which is responsible for global warming.
Burning of coal and diesel releases sulphur dioxide gas and petrol
engines give off gaseous oxides of nitrogen which dissolve in rain
water and form acids. Such rain is called acid rain.
Thank You

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