Scribd
Upload
302 views

Lecture1 Intro To DIP - Spatial and Intensity Resolution

Digital Image Processing lecture introduces key concepts like: - Digital images represent data with discrete values unlike analog which is continuous. - There are three main types of digital images: color, grayscale, and black and white. - The fundamental steps of digital image processing are image acquisition, preprocessing, enhancement and restoration, compression, and analysis and understanding. - Spatial resolution measures smallest discernible detail while intensity resolution measures smallest intensity level change.

Uploaded by

fuxail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
302 views

Lecture1 Intro To DIP - Spatial and Intensity Resolution

Digital Image Processing lecture introduces key concepts like: - Digital images represent data with discrete values unlike analog which is continuous. - There are three main types of digital images: color, grayscale, and black and white. - The fundamental steps of digital image processing are image acquisition, preprocessing, enhancement and restoration, compression, and analysis and understanding. - Spatial resolution measures smallest discernible detail while intensity resolution measures smallest intensity level change.

Uploaded by

fuxail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Digital Image

Processing
Lecture 1
Introduction to Digital Image Processing
Spatial & Intensity Resolution
Text Book and References
• Digital Image Processing – Rafael C. Gonzalez (Text-Book)
• Digital Image Processing using MATLAB – Rafael C. Gonzalez (Reference-Book)
• Principles of Digital Image Processing – Wilhelm Burger (Reference-Book)
Background
• What does Digital mean ?
• What is Analog ?
• Digital Image ?
• Analog Image ?
• Why they are called so

Making Your First Black & White Darkroom Print: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O31OZgnCoAw


The simple Lens, Eye or Camera: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8d7EtUALdI
Analog Digital Comparison

Analog Digital
A continuous signal that Represents data in
uses variable physical
discrete values
quantity
Sine waves Square waves
Continuous range of Discrete/discontinuo Analog continuous Digital continuous
values us range of values

Analog Discrete Digital Discrete


Digital Images - Introduction
• What you already know about them in common
• At a very basic level there are three types of digital images
1. Color: three layers of grayscale images normally RGB
2. Grayscale: Intensity levels vary from 0 – 255 (8-bit images)
3. Black and White: Two intensity levels, also known as binary images
Digital Images - Introduction
Digital Images - Introduction
Digital Images - Introduction
Sample color image as
layers of three grayscale
images

MATLAB Code to do this


h=imread(‘house.jpg’);
r=h(:,:,1);
g=h(:,:,2);
b=h(:,:,3);
subplot(323)
imshow(h)
subplot(322)
imshow(r)
subplot(324)
imshow(g)
subplot(326)
imshow(b)
Some Basic Terminologies to be used frequently
Gray Levels
Gray Values
Intensity Levels
Intensity Values
Pixel Values
Spatial Domain
Real Domain
Frequency domain
Extensions that are specified at the end of the file name – shows the
compression techniques used to store them (at the time of acquisition )
.bmp, .tif , .png, .jpg, .gif,
Digital Imaging
Digital Imaging
Fundamental Steps of Digital Image
Processing
General Purpose Image Processing System
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Simple Image Formation Model
• Images are denoted by two dimensional functions of the form f(x,y)
• The value or amplitude of f at spatial coordinates (x,y) is a positive scalar
quantity
• When an image is generated from a physical process its intensity values are
proportional to energy radiated by a physical source.
0 < f(x,y) < ∞
f(x,y) = i(x,y)r(x,y)
0 < i(x,y) < ∞
0 < r(x,y) < 1
total absorption < r(x,y) < total reflectance
• i(x,y) determined by illumination source (energy source)
• r(x,y) is determined by the characteristics of the imaged objects
Simple Image Formation Model
f(x,y) ∈ [Lmin,Lmax]
• Numerically [Lmin,Lmax] is [0 , L-1]
• 0  Black
• L-1  White
Storing a digital image
b=MXNXk
for a k-bit image, where M and N are rows and columns respectively.
Suppose M = N  b = N 2k
Spatial and Intensity Resolution
• Spatial Resolution : Measure of smallest discernible detail in an image
• Intensity Resolution: Measure of smallest discernible change in
intensity level.
Spatial
Resolution
Spatial Resolution
MATLAB Code
i=imread('eye.jpg');
subplot(221)
imshow(i)
subplot(222)
imshow(imresize(i,0.7))
subplot(223)
imshow(imresize(i,0.5))
subplot(224)
imshow(imresize(i,0.2))
Intensity Resolution

You might also like