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The Normal Distribution: Armando A. Camana JR., Maed

The normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical about the mean. It has several key properties: - The mean, median, and mode are equal and located in the center of the curve. - It is completely described by just two parameters: the mean (μ) and the standard deviation (σ). - Nearly all values in a normal distribution fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean. - The normal distribution was studied extensively by mathematician Carl Gauss, and is sometimes called the Gaussian distribution in his honor.

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KEISHA ARIANNA GORREZ
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48 views

The Normal Distribution: Armando A. Camana JR., Maed

The normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical about the mean. It has several key properties: - The mean, median, and mode are equal and located in the center of the curve. - It is completely described by just two parameters: the mean (μ) and the standard deviation (σ). - Nearly all values in a normal distribution fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean. - The normal distribution was studied extensively by mathematician Carl Gauss, and is sometimes called the Gaussian distribution in his honor.

Uploaded by

KEISHA ARIANNA GORREZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Normal

Distribution

Armando A. Camana Jr.,


MAEd.
Challenge!
Solve for the mean of the data set:
1. 3, 5, 8, 7, 6, 4, 7, 9, 5, 3
2. 85, 86, 78, 90, 83, 84, 85, 86, 86, 78, 76, 85, 75

Answer:
3. 5.7
4. 82.85
Characteristic of a Normal Curve
 It is symmetrical and bell-shaped.
 The normal curve is symmetrical
about the mean μ;
 The mean is at the middle and
divides the area into halves; Mean = Median = Mode
 The mean, median, and mode are
identical.
 The normal curve is asymptotic to
the base line, even when extended to
great distances beyond the mean
and it continues to approach but
never quite reaches the baseline.
 The total area under the curve is
equal to 1;
Carl Gauss
 The normal curve is often called the Gaussian
distribution, after Carl Friedrich Gauss, who
discovered many of its properties.  Gauss, commonly
viewed as one of the greatest mathematicians of all
time (if not the greatest), is honored by Germany on
their 10 Deutschmark bill.
Properties of a Normal Curve
 Theoretical construction
 Also called Bell Curve or
Gaussian Curve
 Perfectly symmetrical normal
distribution
 The mean of a distribution is
the midpoint of the curve
 The tails of the curve are
infinite
 Mean of the curve = median =
mode
 The “area under the curve” is
measured in standard
deviations from the mean
Normal Curve

Has a mean = 0 and


standard deviation = 2.
General relationships:
 ±2 s = about 95.44%
Has a mean = 0 and
standard deviation = 1.
General relationships:
 ±1 s = about 68.26%

Has a mean = 0 and


standard deviation = 3.
General relationships:
 ±3 s = about 99.74%
Find the area under the standard normal
curve for the following, using the z-table.
Sketch each one. 
1. Between z = 0 and z = 0.78
P(Z = 0.78)
0.2823
Find the area under the standard normal
curve for the following, using the z-table.
Sketch each one. 
2. Between z = -0.56 and z = 0
P(Z = - 0.56)
0.2123
Find the area under the standard normal
curve for the following, using the z-table.
Sketch each one. 
3. Between z = -0.43 and z = 0.78
P(- 0.43 < Z < 0.78)
0.1664 + 0.2823
= 0.4487
Find the area under the standard normal
curve for the following, using the z-table.
Sketch each one. 
4. Between z = 0.44 and z = 1.50
P(0.44 < Z < 1.50)
0.4332 - 0.1700
= 0.2632
Find the area under the standard normal
curve for the following, using the z-table.
Sketch each one. 
5. The right of z = -1.33
P(Z < - 1.33)
0.4082 + 0.5
= 0.9082
Practice Time!
If a random variable has a standard normal
distribution, what are the possibilities that it
will take on a value. Answers:
1. less than 1.64 1. 0.9495 or 94.95%
2. greater than – 0.47 2. 0.6808 or 68.08%
3. greater than 0.76 3. 0.2236 or 22.36%
4. less than – 1.35 4. 0.0885 or 8.85%
5. between 0.95 and 1.36 5. 0.0842 or 8.42%
6. between – 0.45 and 0.65 6. 0.4158 or 41.58%
Standard Scores
Z-Scores

• Are
  a way of determining the position of a
single score under the normal curve.
 Measured in standard deviations relative to
the mean of the curve.
 The Z-score can be used to determine an area
under the curve known as a probability.
Formula:

Where:
z – standard score µ - mean
x – score σ – population standard deviation
Standard Scores
Z-Scores
Find the area under the curve between 12 and
15 with:
1. µ = 10 σ=5   𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
2. µ = 20 σ = 10 𝜎
If the sample is 300, find the percentage.
Solution for No. 1 P(0.4 < Z < 1)
if x = 12 if x = 15 0.3413 - 0.1554
  12− 10   15 −10 = 0.1859
𝑧= 𝑧=
5 5  
N= 300 0.1859
 
𝑧=0.4  
𝑧=1 N= 55.77
 
𝑧=0.1554  𝑧=0.3413 N= 56
Standard Scores
Z-Scores
Find the area under the curve between 12 and
15 with:
1. µ = 10 σ=5   𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
2. µ = 20 σ = 10 𝜎
If the sample is 300, find the percentage.
Solution for No. 2 P(-0.8 < Z < -0.5)
if x = 12 if x = 15 0.2881 - 0.1915
  12− 20   15 −20 = 0.0966
𝑧= 𝑧=
10 10  
N= 300 0.0966
 
𝑧=− 0.8  
𝑧=− 0.5 N= 28.98
 
𝑧=0.2881  𝑧=0.1915 N= 29
Practice Time !
There are 500 who took the entrance
examination in University of the Philippines. If
the average (µ) score of the students is 80 and
standard deviation (σ) is 10.
Find the percentage of students whose score
are:
1. From 50 to 80
2. From 80 to 95
3. Below 75
4. Above 75
Practice Time !  
Solution:

There are 500 who took 1. From 50 to 80


the entrance @ 50:
examination in
University of the =
Philippines. If the
Area (3) = or 49.87%
average (µ) score of the
students is 80 and  
standard deviation (σ) @ 80:
is 10. =
  𝑥−𝜇
𝑧= Area (0) =
𝜎
Interpretation:
There are 49.87% who got the score of 50 to 80
N= (500)(0.4987)=249.35 = 250
Practice Time !  
Solution:

There are 500 who took 2. From 80 to 95


the entrance @ 80:
examination in
University of the =
Philippines. If the
Area (0) = 0
average (µ) score of the
students is 80 and  
standard deviation (σ) @ 95:
is 10. =
  𝑥−𝜇
𝑧= Area (1.5) = 0.4332 𝑜𝑟 43.32%
𝜎
Interpretation:
There are 43.32% who got the score of 80 to 95
N= (500)(0.4332)=216.6 = 217
Practice Time !  
Solution:

There are 500 who took 3. Below 75


the entrance @ 75:
examination in
University of the =
Philippines. If the
Area (-0.5) =
average (µ) score of the
students is 80 and
standard deviation (σ) Since it is below the Area is
is 10. A = 0.5000 – 0.1915
  𝑥−𝜇
𝑧= A= 0.3085 or 30.85 %
𝜎
Interpretation:
There are 30.85% who got the score of below 75
N= (500)(0.3085)=154.25 = 155
Practice Time !  
Solution:

There are 500 who took 4. Above 75


the entrance @ 75:
examination in
University of the =
Philippines. If the
Area (-0.5) =
average (µ) score of the
students is 80 and
standard deviation (σ) Since it is above the Area is
is 10. A = 0.5000 + 0.1915
  𝑥−𝜇
𝑧= A= 0.6915 or 69.15 %
𝜎
Interpretation:
There are 69.15% who got the score of above 75
N= (500)(0.6915)=345.75 = 346
Thank You!

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