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Programming and Problem Solving With Python

The document discusses tuples, sets, and dictionaries in Python. It defines tuples as immutable sequences that are created using parentheses. Sets are defined as unordered collections of unique elements that can be created using curly braces. Dictionaries are defined as collections of key-value pairs that store values along with keys and are created using curly braces. The document provides examples and explanations of built-in functions for each data type as well as operations like indexing, slicing, membership testing, and methods.

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Rishika Awasthi
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206 views

Programming and Problem Solving With Python

The document discusses tuples, sets, and dictionaries in Python. It defines tuples as immutable sequences that are created using parentheses. Sets are defined as unordered collections of unique elements that can be created using curly braces. Dictionaries are defined as collections of key-value pairs that store values along with keys and are created using curly braces. The document provides examples and explanations of built-in functions for each data type as well as operations like indexing, slicing, membership testing, and methods.

Uploaded by

Rishika Awasthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING

WITH PYTHON

CHAPTER 11
TUPLES, SETS AND
DICTIONARIES
Introduction to Tuples
 Tuples contains a sequence of items of any types.
 The elements of tuples are fixed.
 Tuples are immutable, i.e. once created it cannot
be changed.
 In order to create a tuple the elements of tuples
are enclosed in parenthesis instead of square
bracket.
Example:
 T1 = () #Creates an Empty Tuple
 T2 = (12,34,56,90) #Create Tuple with 4 elements
 
 T3 = ('a','b','c','d','e') #Create Tuple of 5
characters
 T4 = 1,2,3,4,5 #Create Tuple without parenthesis
Built-in functions for Tuples

Built-in Meaning
Functions
len() Returns the number of elements in the tuple.

max() Returns the element with the greatest value.

min() Returns the element with the minimum value.

sum() Returns the sum of all the elements of tuple.

index(x) Returns the index of element x.


count(x) Returns the number of occurrence of element x.
Indexing, and Slicing

 The indexing and slicing of tuples is similar to lists.

 The index [] operator is used to access the elements of


tuple.
Example:
a = (‘H’,’E’,’L’,’L’,’O’) #Create Tuple
a[0] a[1] a[2] a[3] a[4]
H E L L O

a[-5] a[-4] a[-3] a[-2] a[-1]

>>> a[4]
'O'
>>> a[-4]
'E'
Tuples are immutable

Unlike Lists we cannot change the elements of tuples.

>>> t=(['A','B'],['C','D'])
>>> type(t)
<class 'tuple'>
>>> t[0]=['x','Y']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#30>", line 1, in <module>
t[0]=['x','Y']
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
The + and * operator on Tuples

The + operator - The concatenation + operator is


used to join two tuples.
Example:
>>> a=('A','B')
>>> b=(1,2)
>>> a+b
('A', 'B', 1, 2)
>>> type(a+b)
<class 'tuple'>
The * operator – It is used to replicate the
elements of a tuple.
>>> t = (1,2,3)
>>> t *2
(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
Passing Variable Length Arguments to a
Tuple

 You can pass variable number of parameters to a


function.
 A argument that begins with * in function
definition gathers arguments into a tuple.
Example:
def create_tup(*args):
print(args)

Run the above program from interactive mode of Python

>>> create_tup(1,2,3,4)
(1, 2, 3, 4)
>>> create_tup('a','b')
('a', 'b')
Sorting elements of Tuple

Tuple does not support any sort method to sort the


contents of Tuple.
Following are the steps required to sort the elements of
Tuple.
a. Create Tuple
b. Convert Tuple to List
c. Use sort method of list
d. Convert back from list to tuple.

Example:
>>> t=(76,45,23,11) #Tuple
>>> t=list(t) #Converted Tuple to a List
>>> t.sort() #Sort method of List
>>> tuple(t) #Converting List to tuple
(11, 23, 45, 76)
Zip() function

 The zip() is one of the built in python functions.


 The zip() function take items in sequence from a number of
collections to make a list of tuples.

Example:
>>> t1=('Z','Y',',X')
>>> t2 =(26, 25, 24)
>>> zip(t1,t2)
[('Z', 26), ('Y', 25), (',X', 24)]
Introduction to sets
 Set is an unordered collection of elements.
 It is a collection of unique elements.
 Duplication of elements is not allowed.
 Sets are mutable so we can easily add or remove elements.
 A programmer can create a set by enclosing the elements
inside a pair of curly braces i.e. {}.
 The elements within the set are separated by commas.
 The set can be created by the in built set() function.
Example:
>>> s2 = {1,2,3,4,5}
>>> s2
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
>>> type(s2)
<class 'set'>
Methods of Set Class
Function Meaning
• s.add(x)
 
Add element x to existing set s.

s.clear() Removes the entire element from the


  existing set.
S.remove(x) Removes item x from the set.
 
  A set S1 is a subset of S2, if every
S1. issubset(S2) element in S1 is also in S2. Therefore
  issubset() is used to check whether s1
  is subset of s2.
  Let S1 and S2 be two sets. If S1 is
S2.issuperset(S1) subset of S2 and the set S1 is not equal
 
to S2 then the set S2 is called superset
of A.
Set Operations

The union() method


The union of two sets A and B is the set of elements
which are in A, in B, or in both A and B.
Example:
>>> A = {1,2,3,4}
>>> B = {1,2}
>>> A.union(B)
{1, 2, 3, 4}
Set Operations…..

The intersection() method


Intersection is a set which contains the elements that
appear in both sets.
Example:
>>> A = {1,2,3,4}
>>> B = {1,2}
>>> A.intersection(B)
{1, 2}

Note: A. intersection(B) is equivalent to A & B


Set Operations…..
The difference() method
The difference between two sets A and B is a set that contains
the elements in set A but not in set B.

Example:
>>> A = {1,2,3,4}
>>> B = {2,5,6,7,9}
>>> A.difference(B)
{1, 3, 2}

Note: A.difference B is equivalent to A - B


Set Operations…..
The symmetric_difference() method
It contains the elements in either set but not in both sets.

Example:
>>> A = {1,2,3,4}
>>> B = {2,5,6,7,9}
>>> A.symmetric_difference(B)
{1,3,4,5,6,7,9}

Note: A. symmetric_difference B is equivalent to A^B


Introduction to Dictionaries

 In python a dictionary is a collection that stores


the values along with the keys.
 The sequence of key and value pairs are separated
by commas.
 These pairs are sometimes called entries or item.
 All entries are enclosed in curly braces { and }.
Example:
{'India': '+91', 'USA': '+1'}

Key Value Key Value


Creating Dictionaries
The dictionary can be created by enclosing the items
inside the pair of curly braces { }.
Example:
>>> D = { }
>>> type(D)
<class 'dict'>
>>> D={'Virat Kohli':52,'Sachin':100}
>>> D
{'Sachin': 100, 'Virat Kohli': 52}
>>> type(D)
<class 'dict'>
Adding new entries to a Existing Dict

To add new item to a dictionary you can use the subscript [] operator.
Syntax:
Dictionary_Name[key] = value
Example:
>>> D={'Virat Kohli':52,'Sachin':100}
>>> D
{'Sachin': 100, 'Virat Kohli': 52}
>>> type(D)
<class 'dict'>
>>> D['Dhoni']=28 #Adding New value to D
>>> D
{'Sachin': 100, 'Dhoni': 28, 'Virat Kohli': 52}
Deleting Entries from Dictionaries
The del operator is used to remove the key and its associated
value.
Syntax
del dictionary_name[key]
Example:
>>> D={'Virat Kohli':52,'Sachin':100, 'Dhoni': 28}
>>> D
{'Sachin': 100, 'Dhoni': 28, 'Virat Kohli': 52}
>>> del D['Dhoni'] #Deleting one entry
>>> D
{'Sachin': 100, 'Virat Kohli': 52}
The Methods of Dictionary Class
Methods of dict Class What it does?

keys() Returns the sequence of keys.


Values() Return sequence of Values.
items() Return the sequence of Tuples.
clear() Delete all entries
get(key) Return the value for the key.
pop(key) Removes the key and returns the
value if the key exist.
clear() Remove all the keys.
Traversing a Dictionary
 A for loop is used to traverse all keys and values
of a dictionary.
 The variable of a for loop is bound to each key in
unspecified order.
Example:
D={'Virat Kohli':52,'Sachin':100, 'Dhoni': 28}
for key in D:
print('Centuries scored by ',key,'=',D[key])

Output:

Centuries scored by Sachin = 100


Centuries scored by Virat Kohli = 52
Centuries scored by Dhoni = 28
Nested Dictionaries
Dictionaries within Dictionaries is said to be nested
dictionaries.
Example:
>>> Players={"Virat Kohli" : { "ODI": 7212 ,"Test":3245},
"Sachin Tendulkar" : {"ODI": 18426 ,"Test":15921}}
>>> Players
{'Sachin Tendulkar': {'Test': 15921, 'ODI': 18426}, 'Virat Kohli':
{'Test': 3245, 'ODI': 7212}}
Conclusion
 Tuples are immutable
 Set is an unordered collection of elements without
duplicates.
 Sets are mutable.
 A dictionary is a collection that stores the values along
with the keys.

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