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The Unix operating system has three main components: the kernel which manages hardware interaction and core tasks, shells which process commands, and commands/utilities for tasks like copying files. Files and directories are organized hierarchically in the filesystem. Key Unix features include multitasking, a programming interface, treating all devices as files, built-in networking, and persistent background processes. Commands can take arguments and options to control flow or specify input, with options preceded by a hyphen and arguments afterwards.

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53 views6 pages

Session - 1

The Unix operating system has three main components: the kernel which manages hardware interaction and core tasks, shells which process commands, and commands/utilities for tasks like copying files. Files and directories are organized hierarchically in the filesystem. Key Unix features include multitasking, a programming interface, treating all devices as files, built-in networking, and persistent background processes. Commands can take arguments and options to control flow or specify input, with options preceded by a hyphen and arguments afterwards.

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Jahnavi Vurity
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18CS56 – Unix

Programming
Unix Components/Architecture
Kernel − The kernel is the heart of the operating system. It interacts with the hardware and most of the tasks like memory
management, task scheduling and file management.
Shell − The shell is the utility that processes your requests. When you type in a command at your terminal, the shell interprets
the command and calls the program that you want. The shell uses standard syntax for all commands. C Shell, Bourne Shell and
Korn Shell are the most famous shells which are available with most of the Unix variants.
Commands and Utilities − There are various commands and utilities which you can make use of in your day to day
activities. cp, mv, cat and grep, etc. are few examples of commands and utilities. There are over 250 standard commands plus
numerous others provided through 3rd party software. All the commands come along with various options.
Files and Directories − All the data of Unix is organized into files. All files are then organized into directories. These
directories are further organized into a tree-like structure called the filesystem.
Features of Unix.
The UNIX operating system supports the following features and capabilities:

 Multitasking and multiuser

 Programming interface

 Use of files as abstractions of devices and other objects

 Built-in networking (TCP/IP is standard)

 Persistent system service processes called "daemons" and managed by init or inet
Command arguments and options.
The Unix shell is used to run commands, and it allows users to pass run time arguments to these commands.
These arguments, also known as command line parameters, that allows the users to either control the flow of
the command or to specify the input data for the command. 

For example, the general form of a UNIX command is:

command [-option(s)] [argument(s)]

 Command names must be between 2 and 9 characters in length

 Command names must be comprised of lowercase characters and digits

 Option names must be one character in length

 All options are preceded by a hyphen (-)


 Options without arguments may be grouped after the hyphen

 Option arguments are not optional

If an option takes more than one argument then they must be separated by commas
with no spaces, or if spaces are used the string must be included in double quotes (").
For example, both of the following are acceptable:

All options must precede other arguments on the command line

 A double hyphen -- may be used to indicate the end of the option list

 The order of the options are order independent

 The order of arguments may be important

 A single hyphen - is used to mean standard input

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