Number System

Common Number Systems

Used by Used in
System Base Symbols humans? computers?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No
Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9, No No
decimal A, B, … F
Quantities/Counting (1 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
Quantities/Counting (2 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Quantities/Counting (3 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17
Conversion Among Bases
 The possibilities:

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Quick Example

2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916

Base
Decimal to Decimal (just for fun)

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Weight

12510 => 5 x 100 = 5

2 x 101 = 20
1 x 102 = 100
125

Base
Binary to Decimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Decimal
 Technique
 n
Multiply each bit by 2 , where n is the “weight” of the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
 Add the results
Example
1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Octal to Decimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Decimal
 Technique
 n
Multiply each bit by 8 , where n is the “weight” of the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
 Add the results
Example

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
 Technique
 n
Multiply each bit by 16 , where n is the “weight” of the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
 Add the results
Example

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12

B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
Decimal to Binary
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Binary
 Technique
 Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
 First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
 Second remainder is bit 1
 Etc.
Example
12510 = ?2

Process Quotient Remainder

125/2 62 1
12510 = 11111012
62/2 31 0
31/2 15 1
15/2 7 1
7/2 3 1
3/2 1 1
½ 0 1
Octal to Binary
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Binary
 Technique Octal Binary
Convert each octal 0 000
digit to a 3-bit 1 001
equivalent binary 2 010
representation 3 011
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111
Example
7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
Hexadecimal to Binary
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal to Binary
 Technique Hexa- Binary Hexa- Binary
decimal decimal
 Convert each
0 0000 8 1000
hexadecimal digit to a
4-bit equivalent 1 0001 9 1001
binary representation 2 0010 A 1010
3 0011 B 1011
4 0100 C 1100
5 0101 D 1101
6 0110 E 1110
7 0111 F 1111
Example
10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Decimal to Octal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal
 Technique
 Divide by 8
 Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8
8 1234
154 2
8
19 2
8
2 3
8
0 2

123410 = 23228
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal
 Technique
 Divide by 16
 Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16

16 1234
16 77 2

16 4 13 = D
0 4

123410 = 4D216
Binary to Octal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Octal
 Technique
 Group bits in threes, starting on right
 Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1
1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
Binary to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Hexadecimal
 Technique
 Group bits in fours, starting on right
 Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example
10101110112 = ?16

10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16
Octal to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Hexadecimal
 Technique
 Use binary as an intermediary
Example
10768 = ?16
1 0 7 6

001 000 111 110

2 3 E

10768 = 23E16
Hexadecimal to Octal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Octal
 Technique
 Use binary as an intermediary
Example
1F0C16 = ?8
1 F 0 C

0001 1111 0000 1100

1 7 4 1 4

1F0C16 = 174148
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