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GD&T Datum Systems in Manufacturing

A datum is an imaginary plane, axis, or point used as a reference for geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. A datum feature is a functional feature that needs to be controlled during measurement. Jigs and fixtures are used to constrain all degrees of freedom of a workpiece to accurately position it relative to a cutting tool for machining. The 3-2-1 principle is used in fixture design to uniquely locate a part using 3 points, 2 planes, or 1 plane and a axis. Spigots and recesses are used to accurately locate components relative to each other by fitting cylindrical projections into holes.

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120 views20 pages

GD&T Datum Systems in Manufacturing

A datum is an imaginary plane, axis, or point used as a reference for geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. A datum feature is a functional feature that needs to be controlled during measurement. Jigs and fixtures are used to constrain all degrees of freedom of a workpiece to accurately position it relative to a cutting tool for machining. The 3-2-1 principle is used in fixture design to uniquely locate a part using 3 points, 2 planes, or 1 plane and a axis. Spigots and recesses are used to accurately locate components relative to each other by fitting cylindrical projections into holes.

Uploaded by

19M647 - SRIRAM A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATUM SYSTEMS

DATUM

• A datum is theoretical exact plane, axis or


point location that GD&T or dimensional
tolerances are referenced to

• A datum feature is usually an important


functional feature that needs to be controlled
during measurement as well.
Usage of Datum plane
On a surface

On a Axis
Degrees of Freedom
Jigs & Fixtures

• A fixture is a device used to “fix” (constrain all degrees of


freedom) a workpiece in a given coordinate system relative to
the cutting tool.
Primary Function
• Location: to accurately position and orient a part relative to
the cutting tool
• Support: to increase the stiffness of compliant regions of a
part
• Clamping: to rigidly clamp the workpiece in its desired
location (relative to the cutting tool)
Design of Jigs and Fixtures 3-2-1 Principle
Examples for a unique plane with
3 points

9
Examples from nature – Biomimics

10
TOOL HOLDER AND TOOL INSERT
Spigot & Recess
• A Short Cylindrical projection on a component
designed to fit into a hole of another

 When locating one


component relative to
another
 i.e., to locate mating
component accurately
 Need of positional accuracy

DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND


Monday, December 12, 2022 12
ASSEMBLY
Positional Datum Groups
• Movement of one Component
Relative to another in 5-DOF
• 6 Degree- rotation about z
• 2 planes – 3 DOF
– Translation Z, Rotation X & Y
• Spigot and Recess – 2 DOF
– Translation X & Y
• Usage:
– Position, Concentricity
or symmetry

13
GN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY Monday, December 12, 2022
GROUPED DATUM PLANE AND SPIGOT ASSEMBLING
WITH GROUPED DATUM PLANE AND RECESS
Cotter Joint

DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND


Monday, December 12, 2022 15
ASSEMBLY
Pipelines

DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND


Monday, December 12, 2022 16
ASSEMBLY
Spigot & hole With Pin & recess
• Relative movements of all
component in 6 DOF
• Usage:
– Datum Group for
Positional Feature

GN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY Monday, December 12, 2022 17


GROUPED DATUM PLANE ,SPIGOT AND HOLE
ASSEMBLING WITH GROUPED DATUM PLANE, RECESS AND PIN
Bicycle Chain

DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND


Monday, December 12, 2022 19
ASSEMBLY
Flange applications

DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND


Monday, December 12, 2022 20
ASSEMBLY

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