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Networks - Phrasal Verbs

The document discusses computer networks and provides definitions and examples of key networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and some common uses of networks. It also describes different types of networks including local area networks, personal area networks, and wide area networks. Additionally, it covers network designs, common connection topologies like star and bus, networking protocols, and other important networking terms.

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112 views

Networks - Phrasal Verbs

The document discusses computer networks and provides definitions and examples of key networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and some common uses of networks. It also describes different types of networks including local area networks, personal area networks, and wide area networks. Additionally, it covers network designs, common connection topologies like star and bus, networking protocols, and other important networking terms.

Uploaded by

Chip
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Networks

Additional: Phrasal verbs

Booklet, pp 77 - 82
What is a computer network
 the basis of communication in
IT
 used in a huge variety of
ways
 can include many different
types of network
 Definition: It is a set of
computers that are connected
together so that they can
share information.
 the earliest examples
of computer networks - 1960s
What do networks do
 used to carry out a large number of tasks through the sharing
of information
 Some of the things that networks are used for include:
 Communicating using email, video, instant messaging and other
methods
 Sharing devices such as printers, scanners and photocopiers
 Sharing files
 Sharing software and operating programs on remote systems
 Allowing network users to easily access and maintain
information
Types of networks
 Many types used for different purposes and by different types of people and
organization
 Local Area Networks (LAN)
connects computers within a limited area - in a school, an office or even a home
 Personal Area Networks (PAN)‍
based on an individual's workspace, individual's device - the center of the
network, with other devices connected to it, there are also wireless personal
area networks
 Home Area Networks (HAN)
connects devices within a home environment, might include personal computers,
tablets, smartphones, printers, TVs and other devices
 Wide Area Networks (WAN)
covers a larger geographical area, usually with a radius of more than a
kilometer.
 Campus Networks
a LAN or set of connected LANs which is used by a government agency,
university, corporation or similar organization and is typically a network across a
set of buildings that are close together
Types of networks
 Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
stretch across a region the size of a metropolitan area. A MAN is a
series of connected LANs in a city, which might also connect to a WAN.
 Enterprise Private Networks
used by a company to connect its various sites so that the different
locations can share resources
 Internetworks
‍connect different networks together to build a larger network.
Internetworking is often used to describe building a large, global
network.
 Backbone Networks (BBN)
a part of a network that connects different pieces and provides a path
for information to be exchanged
 Global Area Networks (GAN)
 a worldwide network that connects networks all over the globe, such as
the internet
Network design
 Computer networks can have different designs
 2 basic forms:
 client/server - have centralized servers for storage,
which are accessed by client computers and devices
 peer-to-peer networks - tend to have devices that
support the same functions.
 They are more common in homes, while client/server
networks are more likely to be used by businesses.
Types of network connections
 different types of network connections that concern
how elements in a network are connected to each
other
 topologies are used to connect computers, with a
collapsed ring being the most common type due to
the Ethernet supporting the internet, local area
networks and wide area networks
Types of network connections – Star topology
 A central node connects a
cable to each computer in the
network
 Each computer in the
network has an independent
connection to the center of
the network, and one
connection breaking won't
affect the rest of the
network.
 one downside - many cables
are required to form this kind
of network
Types of network connections – Bus topology
 one cable connects the
computer
 the information for the last
node on the network has to
run through each connected
computer
 less cabling required, but if
the cable breaks it means
that none of the computers
can reach the network
Types of network connections – Ring topology

 similar to a bus topology


 uses a single cable with the
end nodes connected to
each other so the signal can
circle through the network
to find its recipient
 a collapsed ring has a
central node which is a hub,
router or switch
 every computer has its own
cable to plug into the device
‍
Types of network connections
Network protocols

 languages that computer


devices use to
communicate.
 networks can have more
than one protocol and
each can support
different applications
 protocols that are often
used include TCP/IP
‍
‍
Wired and wireless networks
 Many protocols can work
with both wired and wireless
networks
 Wi-Fi and other wireless
technologies have become
the favorite option for
building computer networks.
 One of the reasons for this is
that wireless networks can
easily support different types
of wireless gadgets
Key networking terms
 I‍ P (internet protocol) address: the network address of the
system across the network, which is also known as the Logical
Address).
 Port: a channel through which data is sent and received.
 Nodes: a term used to refer to any computing devices such as
computers that send and receive network packets across the
network.
 Network packets: the data that is sent to and from the nodes in
a network.
 Routers: pieces of hardware that manage router packets. They
determine which node the information came from and where to
send it to. A router has a routing protocol which defines how it
communicates with other routers.
Key networking terms
 ‍ etwork address translation (NAT): a technique that
N
routers use to provide internet service to more devices using
fewer public IPs. A router has a public IP address but devices
connected to it are assigned private IPs that others outside of
the network can't see.
 Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP): assigns
dynamic IP addresses to hosts and is maintained by the internet
service provider.
 Internet service providers (ISP): companies that provide
everyone with their internet connection, both to individuals and
to businesses and other organizations.
Additional: Phrasal verbs

 Phrasal verbs - phrases that indicate actions


 generally used in spoken English and informal texts
Examples of such verbs include: turn down, come across ,
run into etc.
 Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and a preposition or an
adverb:
 get up go through
 write down take after
Additional: Phrasal verbs

 Sometimes phrasal verbs consist of


three elements:
 look forward to

 put up with

 sit in for
Additional: Phrasal verbs
 When added to the verb the preposition or adverb may change
completely the meaning of the verb. Here are some examples:

Phrasal verb Meaning Example


look for search/seek He is looking for his keys

look up to have a great deal of His father is his model. He


respect for a person is the person he looks up
to.
look forward to await eagerly/anticipate She is looking forward to
with pleasure visiting Paris.

look up to try to find a piece of She didn't understand the


information by looking in a word. So she looked it up
book or on a computer: in her dictionary
Additional: Phrasal verbs

 Sometimes, it is difficult to understand the meaning


of phrasal verbs. Context should be used to
understand them.
 Some phrasal verbs have a literal meaning. They can
be easily understood.
 She opened the door and looked outside.
 She was walking across the street when she heard
the sound of an explosion.
Additional: Phrasal verbs

 Phrasal verbs can also have a figurative or idiomatic


meaning which makes them difficult to understand.
 Can you put me up for tonight?

The phrasal verb 'put up' here does not mean to


build (as in putting a fence up). It has, however, an
idiomatic/figurative meaning. It means to let
someone stay in your house.
Additional: Phrasal verbs
 Separable or inseparable?
 1. Sometimes, the preposition/adverb is placed either after the
verb or after the object. Examples:
 Mary made up a really entertaining story.
 Mary made the story up.
 2. If the object is a pronoun, however, the preposition/adverb
has to be placed after the pronoun (object). Examples:
 She made it up.
 Put it down.
 Take it off.
Additional: Phrasal verbs

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