Advanced database lab module

• How to create user:

Create user username identified by password default tablespace users
temporary tablespace temp;
For example :
Create user amanuel identified by 1234 default tablespace users
temporary tablespace temp;
• How to grant to user:
Grant all privilege to username;
For example:
Grant all privilege to amanuel;
How to expire password:
Alter user amanuel password expire;
• How to lock account:
Alter user username identified by password account lock;
Or Alter user username account lock;
For example:
Alter user amanuel identified by 1234 account lock;
Or Alter user amanuel account lock;
• How to unlock account:
Alter user username identified by password account unlock;
Or Alter user username account unlock;
For example:
Alter user amanuel identified by password 1234 account unlock;
Or Alter user amanuel account unlock;
• How to expire the password and change it:
alter user username identified by password account lock password expire;
Or alter user username account lock password expire;
For example:
alter user amanuel identified by 1234 account lock password expire;
Or alter user amanuel account lock password expire;
When you unlock the account, password is expire
and tells u to insert another password
• How to drop user:
Drop user username;
For example:
Drop user amanuel;
• How to create table:
Create table aman(column_name datatype,……);
For example:
Create table aman(emp_id number(5),emp_name varchar2(30));
• How to Alter table:
Modify column:
Alter table table_name modify(column_name datatype);
For example:
Alter table aman modify(emp_name varchar(20);
Add column:
Alter table table_name add(column_name datatype);
For example:
Alter table aman add(last_name varchar2(20));
• How to rename table name:
Rename table_name to another_table_name;
For example:
Rename aman into amani;
Drop comumn:
Alter table table_name drop(column_name);
For example:
Alter table aman drop(emp_name);
• Drop table
Drop table table_name;
For example:
Drop table aman;
• How to Insert data into table
Insert into table_name(column1,column2,column3,..)
values(values1,values2,values3,..);
For example:
Insert into aman(emp_id,emp_name,last_name)
values(12,’alemayew’,’kelay’);
• How to insert multiple data into table using single insert
statement:
Insert all into table_name(column1,column2,column3,..)
values(values1,values2,values3,..) into table_name(column1,column2,column3,..)
values(values1,values2,values3,..) into table_name(column1,column2,column3)
values(values1,values2,values3,…)….) select * from dual;
for example:
Insert all into aman(emp_id,emp_name,last_name) values(12,’alemayew’,’kelay’)
into aman(emp_id,emp_name,last_name) values(13,’abebe’ ,’beso‘) into
aman(emp_id,emp_name,last_name) values(14,’chala’,’chube’) select * from dual;
• Insertion by address:
Insert into table_name values(‘&column1’,’&column2’,…);
For example:
Insert into aman values(‘&emp_id’,’&emp_name’,’&last_name’);
• How to delete data from table:
Delete from table_name where condition;
For example:
Delete from aman where emp_id=13;
• How to update data in table:
UPDATE table_name
SET column_name = value [ column_name = value]...
[ WHERE condition ];
For example:
Update aman set emp_name=‘ababa’ where emp_id=12;
• Dual function: without table
For example
Select 1+1 from dual; =2
Select 5*5 from dual; =25
Select abs(-10) from dual; =10
Select sysdate from dual; =current date
• Dual function with table
For example: for example multiple insertion
• To drop primary key
• ALTER TABLE Persons DROP PRIMARY KEY;
• First create session privilege to new user
Syntax
Grant Create session to new_user;
Example
Grant create session to nn;
• To give select,delete,insert,update privilege
for another user
syntax
Grant select |delete |insert | update on
table_name to new_user_name;
Example:
Grant select |delete |insert | update on emp to
nn;
• If u want to give full privilege for user to
access the table you can use this command:
syntax :
Grant all on table_name to new_user;
Example:
Grant all on emp to nn;
• If no longer allow for user to access this table
you can use this command:
Revoke select |delete |insert | update on
table_name from new_user_name;
Example:
Revoke select |delete |insert | update on emp
from nn;
 emp table:
ID NAME FNAME SALARY
---------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------
• 11 ami girma 2000.25
• 15 amu baba 3000.25
 Info table:
INF_ID RESP ID
• ---------- -------------------- ----------
• 34 manager 11
• 33 accountant 15
• 23 assist 12
Inner Join
• An inner join essentially finds the
intersection between the two tables.
SELECT emp.Name, info. resp FROM Emp, info
WHERE Emp.ID=info.ID;
Or
SELECT Emp.Name, info.resp FROM Emp INNER
JOIN info on Emp.ID=info.ID;
Self join
select i.resp emp_resp,m.resp
man_resp from info i,info m where
m.id=i.inf_id;
Full outer join
The full outer join returns a result table with
the matched data of two table then remaining
rows of both left table and then the right
table.
• SELECT Emp.Name, info.resp FROM Emp full
join info ON Emp.ID=info.ID;
• LEFT OUTER JOIN
• The LEFT OUTER JOIN returns all the rows
from the first table (Emp), even if there are
no matches in the second table (info).
• SELECT Emp.Name, info.resp FROM Emp LEFT
JOIN info ON Emp.ID=info.ID;
RIGHT OUTER JOIN
• The RIGHT OUTER JOIN returns all the rows
from the second table (info), even if there are
no matches in the first table (Emp).
• SELECT Emp.Name, info.resp FROM Emp right
JOIN info ON Emp.ID=info.ID;
Natural join
• SELECT id, name, inf_id FROM emp NATURAL
JOIN info;
• Create table from another table:
Create table stud as(select name,fname from
emp);
Create table from two or more than two table
Create table work as(select
emp.id,emp.name,info.resp from emp,info);
Subquery
• Select name,fname from emp where id
in(select id from info where resp=‘manager’);
• select * from emp where exists (select * from
info where emp.id= info.id);
• select * from info where not exists (select *
from emp where info.id= emp.id);
Character Functions
LOWER
• LOWER(argument)
Example
• SELECT LOWER(‘STUDENT') from dual;
UPPER
• UPPER(argument)
• Select upper(‘student’) from dual;
INITCAP
Initcap(argument)
Select initcap(‘student’) from dual;
• LPAD & RPAD
• LPAD(string,len,pstring)
• RPAD(string,len,pstring)
• Example
• SELECT LPAD(‘stud',10,‘a') from dual;
• SELECT RPAD(‘stud',10,‘a') from dual;
Syntax
• SUBSTR(string,pos,len)
Exmaple:
• SELECT SUBSTR(‘student',2,3) from dual;
• INSTR(string,search)
• INSTR(string,search,pos,n)
• Exampl:
• SELECT INSTR(‘student',‘ent') from dual;
• SELECT INSTR(‘studentent',‘ent‘,3,2);
Syntax
• LTRIM(string,rem)
• RTRIM(string,rem)
• Example:
• SELECT LTRIM('Ooracle’,'O') from dual;
• SELECT RTRIM('Ooracle’,‘e') from dual;
• LENGTH(string)
Example:
• SELECT LENGTH('Oracle’) from dual;
Syntax
• TRANSLATE(string,from,to)
Example:
SELECT TRANSLATE('hehho',‘h','l') from dual;
• syntax
• REPLACE(string,search,replace)
• REPLACE(string,search)
• SELECT REPLACE(‘amangir',‘gir',‘uel') from
dual;
• SELECT REPLACE(‘amanuelgir',‘gir') from dual;
•Run sql using notepad
•C:\Windows\system32>cd/
•C:\>cd amiti
•C:\amiti>start aa.sql
•C:\amiti>sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
•SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed May 20 08:22:32 2015
•Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
•Connected to:
•Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
•With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
•SQL> start aa.sql
•Table created.
•SQL> start aa.sql
•1 row created.