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Graph Theory Basic Concepts

Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph consists of vertices connected by edges. Some basic concepts in graph theory include planar graphs, complete graphs, subgraphs, and graph connectivity. The traveling salesman problem, formulated in the 1800s, asks for the shortest route visiting each city on a list exactly once. Another early problem was the Seven Bridges of Königsberg, which asked if a walk crossing each bridge once was possible. A Filipino mathematician, Severino Gervacio, made significant contributions to the field of graph theory in the Philippines.

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189 views56 pages

Graph Theory Basic Concepts

Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph consists of vertices connected by edges. Some basic concepts in graph theory include planar graphs, complete graphs, subgraphs, and graph connectivity. The traveling salesman problem, formulated in the 1800s, asks for the shortest route visiting each city on a list exactly once. Another early problem was the Seven Bridges of Königsberg, which asked if a walk crossing each bridge once was possible. A Filipino mathematician, Severino Gervacio, made significant contributions to the field of graph theory in the Philippines.

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Jayson Palma
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Graph Theory

Basic Concepts and Terminologies

ROBERTO G. SAGGE, JR, PHD


COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
WEST VISAYAS SATE UNIVERSITY
What is Graph Theory?

Graph theory in mathematics means the study of


graphs. Graphs are one of the prime objects of study
in discrete mathematics.
In general, a graph is represented as a set of vertices
(nodes or points) connected by edges (arcs or line).
Graphs are therefore mathematical structures used
to model pairwise relations between objects.
«Poor, sad-eyed stranger!»
~ Mark Twain
Travelling Salesman Problem

“Given a list of cities and the


distances between each pair
of cities, what is the shortest
possible route that visits each
city exactly once and returns
to the origin city?”
SIR WILLIAM R. HAMILTON THOMAS P. KIRKMAN

The travelling salesman problem was


mathematically formulated in the 1800s by the
Irish mathematician W.R. Hamilton and by the
British mathematician Thomas P. Kirkman.
Seven Bridges of Königsberg

Königsberg in Prussia (now Kaliningrad,


Russia), was set on both sides of the Pregel
River, and included two large islands, which
were connected to the rest of the city by seven
bridges.
Seven Bridges of Königsberg

“The problem was to devise a


walk through the city that
would cross each of those bridges
once and only once.”
Philippines

Dr. Severino V. Gervacio


Professor Emeritus of De La Salle University
 “Father of Graph Theory in the Philippines”
 34 Research publications in Graph Theory and other Mathematics area
 Outstanding Young Scientist in Mathematics by the National Academy
of Science and Technology in 1981
 Achievement Award in Mathematics by the National Research Council
of the Philippines in 1993,
Null graph, Trivial Graph
MultiGraph (without self edge)
MultiGraph (with self edge)
v
1 A

2
B
C

3
4
Sub Graph
Sub Graph con..
Spanning subgraph
Induced-Subgraph
Induced-Subgraph con..
Planar Graph
Complement
Connected and Disconnected Graph
Complete Graph
Complete Undirected Graph

has deg = (n-1)


Complete Undirected Graph con..
Complete Directed Graph
Complete Directed Graph con..
degree(1) = 2

degree(2) = 4

Degree(3) = 5
a
e

c
References

Johnsonbaugh, R. (2005). Introduction to Discrete


Mathematics (6th Edition). Prentice Hall
Discrete Mathematics with Applications (second
edition) by Susanna S. Epp
 
--END--

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