EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

PRESENTED BY – DR. RIYA SINGH

JUNIOR RESIDENT
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY
 WHAT IS EMOTION ?

• Emotions are subjective experiences characterized by specific feelings, bodily

sensations, and behavioural expressions.

• They play a fundamental role in human behaviour and influence our

perception, cognition, and decision-making processes.
 COMPONENTS OF EMOTION

1. COGNITIVE APPRASIAL : A person’s assessment of the personal meaning of his or

her current circumstances.
2. SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE : The affective state or feeling tone that colors private
experience.
3. THOUGHT AND ACTION TENDENCIES : Urges to think or act in a particular way.
4. INTERNAL BODILY CHANGES : Physiological responses, particularly those
involving the autonomic nervous system such as changes in heart rate and sweat gland
activity
5. FACIAL EXPRESSION : Muscle contractions that move facial landmarks – like
cheeks, lips, noses, and brows – into particular configurations.
6. RESPONSES TO EMOTION : How people regulate, react to, or cope with their own
emotion or the situation that triggered it.
 ROLE OF EMOTIONS

• DECISION MAKING : Emotions provide valuable information and influence our

decision-making processes.

• SOCIAL INTERACTION : Emotions play a crucial role in social interactions.

.
• MOTIVATION : Emotions provide motivation and drive for action

• PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING : Emotions are closely tied to our overall

psychological well-being.
 THEORIES OF EMOTION

• JAMES – LANGE THEORY :

• Proposed by William James and Carl Lange in the late 19th century
• suggests that emotions arise as a result of physiological responses to specific
stimuli.
• our subjective experience of emotion is a direct result of perceiving and
interpreting bodily changes and sensations triggered by external events.
• CANNON – BARD THEORY :

• proposed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard in the 1920s

• challenges the James-Lange theory
• According to this theory, emotions and physiological responses occur
simultaneously but independently.
• It suggests that emotional experiences and bodily responses are separate
processes that happen in parallel in response to a stimulus.
• SCHACHTER – SINGER THEORY :

• also known as the two-factor theory

• proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer in the 1960s
• emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in the experience of
emotions
• This theory suggests that emotions are a combination of
physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of the situation .
• LAZARUS THEORY OF EMOTION:

• Emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal

• There are four components to experiencing emotion:
1. A stimulus is introduced
2. A cognitive appraisal is created in response to the stimulus
3. An emotional response is produced based on the cognitive
appraisal
4. A physiological response is formed based on the emotional
response
• FACIAL FEEDBACK THEORY OF EMOTIONS :

• proposed by William James and later expanded upon by

Silvan Tomkins
• suggests that facial expressions play a role in the experience
and perception of emotions
• According to this theory, facial expressions not only reflect our
emotional states but also influence and amplify the emotions
we experience.
T H E O RI E S O F RE L AT I O N S H I P
A MO N G S T E MO T I O N S

• ROBERT PLUTCHIK’S THEORY :

• Gave the concept of "Wheel of
Emotions."
• This theory suggests that there are eight
primary emotions, which are the basic
building blocks of all other emotions.
• These primary emotions can combine
to form more complex and nuanced
emotions.
• Plutchik represented this theory using a
color wheel-like diagram, where each
primary emotion is associated with a
different color and intensity.
• AFFECT – AS – INFORMATION THEORY :

• developed by Norbert Schwarz

• proposes that people often use their current affective states
(emotional states) as a source of information when making
judgments and decisions.
• According to this theory, individuals rely on their feelings or
emotional responses to guide their thoughts and evaluations.
• BROADEN AND BUILT THEORY :

• proposed by Barbara Fredrickson

• suggests that positive emotions have a broadening effect on
cognitive processes and behaviours.
• Positive emotions broaden individuals' thought-action
repertoires, increasing their openness to new experiences,
creativity, and cognitive flexibility.
• This theory also suggests that positive emotions can build
personal resources, such as resilience, social connections, and
psychological well-being
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE(EI)

• Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and

manage one's own emotions, as well as the ability to recognize, understand,
and influence the emotions of others
• Concept first appeared in Thorndike’s concept of “social intelligence” in 1920
• Later in Howard Gardner’s Theory of multiple intelligence, where he argued
that intelligence includes eight forms.
• Term was first coined by Peter Salovey and John Mayer in 1990.
• Expanded upon by Daniel Goleman in 1998.
 COMPONENTS OF EI

• Self-awareness: This involves recognizing and understanding your own

emotions, strengths, weaknesses, values, and goals.
• Self-regulation: Self-regulation is the ability to manage and control your
emotions, impulses, and behaviours.
• Motivation: Emotional intelligence includes having the drive and passion to
pursue personal and professional goals.
• Empathy: Empathy is the ability to understand and share the emotions of
others. It involves being able to put yourself in someone else's shoes and see
the world from their perspective.
• Social skills: Social skills refer to the ability to build and maintain positive
relationships with others. It involves effective communication, active
listening, conflict resolution, teamwork, and collaboration.
 THEORIES OF EI

• Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence:

• Proposed by Peter Salovey and John Mayer
• this model defines emotional intelligence as the ability to perceive, understand,
and regulate emotions effectively..
• Four-Branch Model of Emotional Intelligence :
• Proposed by John Mayer, Peter Salovey, and David Caruso
• suggested that emotional intelligence consists of four skill dimensions
1. perceiving emotion
2. facilitating thought with emotion
3. understanding emotions
4. managing emotions
• Bar-On Model of Emotional-Social Intelligence

• Developed by Reuven Bar-On

• this model emphasizes the interplay between emotional and social
factors
• It defines emotional-social intelligence as an array of interrelated
emotional and social competencies, skills, and facilitators that
influence one's ability to succeed in social interactions and adapt to
environmental demands.
• Mixed Model of Emotional Intelligence:

• Developed by Daniel Goleman

• It proposes that emotional intelligence encompasses a range of
abilities, traits, and skills, including self-awareness, self-regulation,
motivation, empathy, and social skills.
• It suggests that these different aspects of emotional intelligence are
interrelated and influence one another.
• Trait Model of Emotional
Intelligence:

• Developed by Petrides and Furnham

• which is a combination of emotionally-
related self-perceived abilities and moods
that are found at the lowest levels of
personality hierarchy and are evaluated
through questionnaires and rating scales
• Consists of 15 facets
 TESTS FOR EI

1. Self-Report Questionnaires:
• Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI)
• Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue)

2. Ability-Based Assessments :
• Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)
• Situational Test of Emotional Understanding (STEU).

3. Multi-Rater Assessments:
• Emotional and Social Competence Inventory (ESCI)
 IMPORTANCE OF EI IN PSYCHIATRY

1. Therapeutic Alliance
2. Empathy and Understanding
3. Emotional Regulation
4. Communication Skills
5. Self-Care and Resilience

EI is crucial in psychiatry as it enhances the therapeutic relationship, supports

empathetic and personalized care, promotes effective communication, and
contributes to the overall well-being of both patients and psychiatrists.
THANK YOU