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JDBC

JDBC provides a standard interface for Java applications to connect to databases. It allows Java programs to execute SQL statements and process the results by handling the details of connecting to different database systems. The key steps for using JDBC include registering the driver, creating a connection, executing statements using prepared objects like PreparedStatement, processing the results, and closing the connection.

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Manav Purswani
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19 views19 pages

JDBC

JDBC provides a standard interface for Java applications to connect to databases. It allows Java programs to execute SQL statements and process the results by handling the details of connecting to different database systems. The key steps for using JDBC include registering the driver, creating a connection, executing statements using prepared objects like PreparedStatement, processing the results, and closing the connection.

Uploaded by

Manav Purswani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JDBC

Introduction
• Java application cannot directly communicate with database
• This is because a database can interpret only SQL statements and not java
language statements for this reason, we need a mechanism to translate java
statements into SQL statements
• JDBC API provides the mechanism for the kind of translation
• JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity
• It is a standard Java API for database-independent connectivity between the
Java programming language and a wide range of databases
Why JDBC API
• Two issues :
1) Java applications cannot directly communicate with a database.
2) Java application should be database independent.
JDBC API uses driver to address the above issues.
How?
• JDBC API takes care of converting java Commands to generic SQL statements.
• JDBC API uses drivers provided by Database vendors to communicate with
database.
• Java Application invokes methods JDBC API.
JDBC
Categories of JDBC drivers
There are several categories of JDBC drivers provided by different database vendors:
1) JDBC-ODBC driver:-
• Database server contain the ODBC driver embedded into them.
• ODBC APIs are written in C language and makes the use of pointers and other
constructs that JAVA doesnot support.
• Hence JDBC-ODBC bridge driver are used to translate the JDBC API to the
ODBC API.
2) Native API partly Java Driver:
Supplied by vendors of database like DB2,Informix provides JDBC drivers in
terms of classes that are directly invoked by JDBC API.
3) Native protocol pure java driver/JDBC-Net pure java driver:
These drivers are used to connect a client application or applet to a database
over a TCP/IP connection.
JDBC Driver Manager
• It is a backbone of the JDBC architecture.
• The function of JDBC driver manager are to maintain a list of drivers created
for different databases and
• Connect a Java application to appropriate driver specified in a Java program.
JDBC-ODBC bridge:
• It is implemented as the JdbcOdbc.class and a native library is used to access
the ODBC driver.
• In a Windows platform ,native library is JDBCODBC.dll.
ACCESS MS-ACCESS
JDBC-ODBC DRIVER
Application JDBC Driver
BRIDGE
Manager
DRIVER
SQL DRIVER MS-SQL

JDBC Application Architecture Using the JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver


Steps to connect to the database
There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database using JDBC.
These steps are as follows:
1. Register the Driver class
2. Create connection
3. Create statement
4. Execute queries
5. Close connection
1. Register the driver class
• forName method of Class class is used to register the driver class
• This method is used to dynamically load the driver class
Syntax of forName method:
public static void forName (String className )throws ClassNotFoundException
Calling a method:
Class.forName(“com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”);
2. Create the connection object
getConnection method of DriverManager class is used to establish connection with
the database.
Syntax of getConnection() method: (two forms)
• public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException
• public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String
password)throws SQLException
Calling a method:
Connection con=
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Student”,”root”,”root”);
3. Create the Statement object
• createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create statement.
• object of statement is responsible to execute queries with the database.
Syntax of createStatement() method:
public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException
Calling a method:
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
4. Execute the query
• executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the
database.
• This method returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get all the records
of a table
Syntax of executeQuery() method
public ResultSet executeQuery (String sql )throws SQLException
Calling a method:
ResultSet rs= stmt.executeQuery (“select * from stud”);
4. Execute the query Contd..
• ResultSet object provides you with methods to access data from a table.
1) It maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data
2)Initially the cursor is positioned before the first row.
3) The next() moves the cursor to the next row.
4) We can retrieve data from ResultSet rows by calling
getXXX(int cn)
5) XXX refers to a database of a column such as String ,Integer
and Float and cn specifies Column number in the
ResultSet.
How to execute parametrized query

• PreparedStatement object allows you to execute the parametrized


queries.

• Let's see the example of parameterized query:

• String sql="insert into emp values(?,?,?)";


Why use PreparedStatement?
• As you can see, we are passing parameter (?) for the values. Its value will be
set by calling the setter methods of PreparedStatement.
• Improves performance: The performance of the application will be faster if
you use PreparedStatement interface because query is compiled only once.
How to execute parametrized query

• Ex:
PreparedStatement stmt=con.prepareStatement("insert into Emp values(?,?)");
stmt.setInt(1,101);//1 specifies the first parameter in the query
stmt.setString(2,"Ratan");

int i=stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(i+" records inserted");
5. Close the connection object
• By closing connection object, Statement and ResultSet will be closed automatically
• The close() method of Connection interface is used to close the connection
Syntax of close() method:
public void close() throws SQLException
Calling a method:
con.close();
JDBC program to insert record
in a stud table of database
Student
Import java.sql.*; //Execute a query
public class JDBCDEMO System.out.println("Creating statement...");

{ // JDBC driver name and database URL stmt = conn.createStatement();

static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"; String sql;


static final String DB_URL = sql = "insert into stud(name,rollno) values ('xyz','3')";
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Student"; int r= stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
// Database credentials ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("Select * from stud");
static final String USER = "root"; //Extract data from result set
static final String PASS = "root"; while(rs.next()){
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Roll no: "+rs.getInt(2)+" Name:
Connection conn = null; "+rs.getString(1)); }
Statement stmt = null; //Clean-up environment
try{ rs.close(); stmt.close(); conn.close();
//Register JDBC driver }catch(SQLException se){
Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER ); se.printStackTrace(); }
//Open a connection catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("Connecting to database..."); e.printStackTrace(); }
conn =DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS); System.out.println("Goodbye!");
}
Output

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