Web Technology

Core JAVA
CONTENTS
 Introduction To Java
 History
 Applications
 Editions and Versions
 Features and Architecture
 INTRODUCTION TO
JAVA
• JAVA was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc in 1991, later acquired by Oracle Corporation.
• It was developed by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton.
• It is a simple programming language.
• Java makes writing, compiling, and debugging programming easy.
• It helps to create reusable code and modular programs.

• It is a general-purpose programming language made for developers to write once run anywhere
ie. compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java.

• Java applications are compiled to byte code that can run on any JVM.

• The syntax of Java is similar to c/c++.

HISTORY - FROM OAK TO JAVA
1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991.

2) Initially designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-top boxes.

3) Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling, and the file extension was .gt.

4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project.

5) Oak is a symbol of strength and chosen as a national tree of many countries like the U.S.A., France, Germany,
Romania, etc.

6) In 1995, Oak was renamed as "Java" because it was already a trademark by Oak Technologies.

7) In 1995, Time magazine called Java one of the Ten Best Products of 1995.

8) JDK 1.0 released in(January 23, 1996)..

 AIM OF JAVA
It was created with an aim to develop a fully fledged programming language that would be :
•Simple
•Robust
•Platform-Independent
•Portable
•High Performing
•Secured, Multi-Threaded and Dynamic
APPLICATIONS
1) Standalone Application
Also known as desktop applications or window-based applications.
These are traditional s/w that we need to install on every machine.
Examples: Media player, antivirus, etc. . AWT and Swing are used to create SAs
2) Web Application
An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic page.
Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, etc. technologies are used to create WAs
3) Enterprise Application
An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications, etc. It has
advantages of the high-level security, load balancing, and clustering.
EJB is used for creating enterprise applications.
4) Mobile Application
An application which is created for mobile devices
Currently, Android and Java ME are used to create MAs.
JAVA PLATFORMS / EDITIONS
1) Java SE (Java Standard Edition)
It is a Java programming platform, includes Java programming APIs such as java.lang,
java.io, java.net, java.util, java.sql, java.math etc.

2) Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition)

An enterprise platform,mainly used to develop web and enterprise applications .
It includes topics like Servlet, JSP, Web Services, EJB, JPA, etc.

3) Java ME (Java Micro Edition)

It is a micro platform which is mainly used to develop mobile applications.

4) JavaFX
It is used to develop rich internet applications.
It uses a light-weight user interface API.
JAVA VERSIONS
Versions of Java released till date: Version Year
JDK Alpha and Beta 1995
JDK 1.0 1996
JDK 1.1 1997
J2SE 1.2 1998
J2SE 1.3 2000
J2SE 1.4 2002
J2SE 5.0 2004
Java SE 6 2006
Java SE 7 2011
Java SE 8 2014
Java SE 9 2017
Java SE 10 2018
FEATURES OF JAVA
 Cont…
1. Object-Oriented: Everything in Java is an object. OO means we organize our software as a
combination of different types of objects that incorporates both data and behavior.

2. Simple: very easy to learn, simple syntax, clean and easy to understand. Removed many
complicated and rarely-used features: pointers, operator overloading, etc.

3. Portable: It facilitates us to carry Java bytecode to any platform. Doesn't require any implementation.

4. Secured
we can develop virus-free systems. Java is secured because:
•No explicit pointer
•Java Programs run inside a virtual machine sandbox
5) Platform independent: Java code can be run on multiple platforms(i.e., Write Once and Run Anywhere(WORA).
Ex. Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris, Mac/OS, etc

6) Robust(means strong)
Strong memory management.
• No pointers that avoids security problems.
• Automatic garbage
•Exception handling & the type checking mechanism
JAVA ARCHITECTURE
First Java Program | Hello World Example
class First{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello Java");
}
}
save this file as First.java

To compile: javac First.java

To execute: java First
Output:Hello Java
Compilation Flow:
When we compile Java program using javac tool, java compiler
converts the source code into byte code.
JDK, JRE and JVM
JRE = JVM + libraries to run Java application.
JDK = JRE + tools to develop Java Application.

Java Development Kit (JDK)

A Kit which provides environment to develop & execute the Java program.
The kit includes two things:
-Development Tools(to provide an environment to develop java programs)
-JRE (to execute java program).

Java Virtual machine (JVM)

All code assigned to JVM is executed by an execution engine. The execution engine reads the byte code and
executes one by one. It uses two inbuilt interpreter and JIT compiler to convert the bytecode to machine code and
execute it.

Java Runtime Environment (JRE)

The (JRE) is a s/w package which bundles the libraries (jars) and the JVM, and
other components to run applications written in the Java.
To execute any Java application, JRE must be installed in the machine.
It’s the min. requirement to run(not develop) Java applications on any computer.
Thank
You