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Week#10

The document discusses different types of loops in programming. It covers while loops, do-while loops, and for loops. While loops check a condition before running the loop body, and update after each iteration. Do-while loops always run the body at least once before checking the condition. For loops allow initializing a counter, checking a condition, and updating the counter, all in the header. Loops are used for repetition of code when needed a set number of times or until a condition changes.

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16 views

Week#10

The document discusses different types of loops in programming. It covers while loops, do-while loops, and for loops. While loops check a condition before running the loop body, and update after each iteration. Do-while loops always run the body at least once before checking the condition. For loops allow initializing a counter, checking a condition, and updating the counter, all in the header. Loops are used for repetition of code when needed a set number of times or until a condition changes.

Uploaded by

ramy saad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Programming Fundamentals

1
Repetition (looping)
Lecture Outline
1 What is a loop?
2 Count/Event Controlled Loops

3 While statement

4 Do-While statement

5 For statement
1. What is a loop?

⮚Loops are a part of C++ programming


used to repeat a specific block of
code.
2. Count/Event Controlled Loops

We need to repeat a specific code for two reasons:

1- defined number of iterations.In this case we call it


count controlled repetition.

2- certain event happens.In this case we call it event


controlled repetition
3. While Statement

The while loop has two important parts:


(1) an expression that is tested for a true or false value,
(2) a statement or block that is repeated as long as the
expression is true.
3. While Statement

SYNTAX

while ( condition )
{
loop body statements
}
3. While Statement
Example
Every while loop will always
contain three main elements:
int count ;
count = 4;
Priming: initialize your
while (count > 0)
variables.
{ cout<<count ;
count -- ;
Testing: test against some
}
known condition.
cout << “Done” ;
Updating: update the
variable that is tested.
The While loops
The While loops Initial
value
Stopping
• The while loop consists of 3 condition

major parts:
o Initial value
o Stopping condition
o update

update
3. While Statement
Example 1 Example 2 (Infinite Loop:
#include <iostream> A loop that never ends)
using iostream std;
main () #include <iostream>
{ using iostream std;
const int MAX =10; main ()
int index =1; {
while (index <= MAX) const int MAX =10;
{cout<<“index: “<< index<<endl; int index =1;
index = index + 1; while (index <= MAX)
} { cout<<“index: “<< index<<endl;
} }
}
The While loops
• Cases that causes infinite loops
3. While Statement
Example
Use a while loop to print the numbers from 1 to 20 each on a
separate line.
int count ;

count = 1 ;
while ( count < =20 )
{ cout<<“count = “<<count<<endl;
count++;
}
3. While Statement
Example
Use a while loop to read 10 numbers and get their average
int total=0,count,av ,n;
count = 0 ;
while ( count < 10 )
{
cin>>n;
total = total + n ;
count++ ;
}
av=total/10;
cout<<“\n The average = “ << av ;
3. While Statement
Example on event controlled looping

int x=0;

while (x!=10)
{ The code inside this loop will be
cout<<“try again!” ; repeated until the user enters
cin>>x; 10, hence the condition will be
} false.
4. Do-While Statement

SYNTAX

do
{
loop body statements
} while ( condition );
4. Do-While Statement
⮚ The do…while repetition statement is similar to the
while statement.
⮚ In the while statement, the loop-continuation
condition is tested at the beginning of the loop
before the body of the loop is performed.
⮚ The do…while statement tests the loop-continuation
condition after the loop body is performed.
⮚ Therefore, the loop body will be executed at least
once.
⮚ When a do…while terminates, execution continues
with the statement after the while clause .
4. Do-While Statement
Example

int x=1;

do
{ The text will be printed at least
cout<<“ I’m in the loop \n”; one time, then it will be repeated
cin>>x; until the user enter 0
} while (x!=0 );
5. For Statement

SYNTAX

for (start; condition; update)


{
loop body statements
}
5. for Statement
• Converting from while statement to for statement
5. for Statement
Example
print the numbers from 1 to 20 each on a separate line.

int count ; int count ;

count = 1 ; for(count = 1;count < =20;count++ )


while ( count < =20 ) {
{ cout<<“ \n“<<count ;
cout<<“ \n“<<count ; }
count++;
}
5. for Statement
Example read 10 numbers and get their average

int total=0,count,av ,n; int total=0,count,av ,n;


count = 0 ;
for(count=0;count < 10;count++ ) while ( count < 10 )
{ {
cin>>n ; cin>>n ;
total = total + n ; total = total + n ;
} count++ ;
av=total/10; }
cout<<“The average = “<< av<<endl; av=total/10;
cout<<“The average = “<< av<<endl;
5. for Statement
Example: prints the factorial of n
5. for Statement
5. for Statement
Variation Examples
⮚ any expression may be more complex:
for (i=100*y; i>=1; i--)
for (i=100; i>=y/2; i--)
for (i=100; i>=1; i- =4*y)
⮚ Increment may be negative:
for (i=100; i>=1; i--)
This counts from 100 to 1.
⮚ Increment/decrement may be greater than 1:
for (i=100; i>=5; i- =5)
This counts from 100 to 5 in steps of 5
THANK YOU

27

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