Basics of COMPUTER..

CREATED BY RITESH RAJ…

 Basics of Computer…
• Introduction of computer
• Full Form of Computer
• Characteristics of Computer
• IPO Cycle
• Types of Device
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Front Part of the System Unit
• Back Part of System Unit
• Block Diagram of a Computer
• Internal Architecture of a Computer
 Introduction of Computer

A computer is an electronic device which performs

operations on raw data. It takes instructions from input
devices by the user process the same in the CPU and
gives the desired result with the help of output devices.

Computers are made up of hardware components and

software programs that work together to perform these
functions. The software makes the computer useful to
humans.
Full Form of Computer
C=
COMPUTER

O= Operating

M=
Machine
P= Particularly

U= Used for

T= Technological &

E= Educational
R= Research.
 Characteristics of computer:
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Reliability
• Versatility
• Automation
• Storage
• Multi-Tasking
• Diligence
1. Speed: A computer works with much higher
speed and accuracy compared to humans
while performing mathematical calculations.
Computers can process millions of
instructions per second. The time taken by
computers for their operations is
microseconds and nanoseconds.

2. Accuracy: Computers perform calculations with 100%

accuracy. Errors may occur due to data inconsistency or
inaccuracy.

3. Reliability: A computer is reliable as it gives consistent

result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of
input any number of times, we will get the same result.
4. Versatility: Versatility refers to the capability of a
computer to perform different kinds of works with same
accuracy and efficiency.

5. Automation: Automation uses technology to accomplish

tasks with as little human interaction as possible. In
computing, automation is usually accomplished by a
program, a script, or batch processing.

6. Storage: The Computer has an in-built memory where it

can store a large amount of data. You can also store data
in secondary storage devices such as floppies, which can
be kept outside your computer and can be carried to
other computers.
7. Multi-Tasking: Computers can perform multiple tasks
at the same time, allowing the user to work on
multiple programs at the same time is called
multitasking ability.

8. Diligence: Diligence is the capacity of the computer of

performing repetitive tasks without getting tired. A
computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration,
fatigue, etc therefore it can work for hours without
creating any errors.
 IPO CYCLE
Input Device:- Whenever an instruction is given by the user
through input devices for further processing or storage is called an
Input and the device through which the information are giving to
the computer is known as Input Device.

Processing:-It is a procedure where a computer takes input store it

in the storage device in the form of raw data, works on the same
to obtain desired result is called Processing.It is done in CPU with
the help of processor as a hardware.

Output:- After Processing the input data the computer stores the
result and displays the same through output devices like monitor
and printer.

Storage:- It is the process of saving digital data on a computer. It’s

a physical or virtual location where data and files are preserved.
 T WO T YPES O F D EVICES
Input Devices:- An Input Device is a piece of hardware that
allows users to provide data, information, or control instructions
to a computer. Like Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner, Barcode
Reader, Optical Mark Recognition, Webcam, etc.

Output Devices:- An Output Device is a piece of hardware that

receives data from a computer and converts it into a human
friendly form. Like Monitor, Speaker, Projector, Printer, etc.
 INPUT DEVICES

Keyboard:- A computer keyboard is it peripheral input

device modelled after the typewriter keyboard which
uses and arrangement of buttons archies to act as
mechanical levers or electronic switches.

Mouse:- A Mouse is a small handheld input device

that controls the cursor on a computer screen. The
mouse sends the movement of itself in x & y
coordinate to the system.
Joystick:- A Joystick is an input device that controls the movement
of a cursor or pointer on a computer. It consists of a stick on a base
and some buttons. The stick angle and directions are sensed and
used to take appropriate control actions.

Scanner:- A Scanner is an input device that converts physical images

into digital images. Scanners are used to scan document photos
barcodes and artwork to create digital files.

Barcode Reader:- A Barcode Reader is an input device that reads

barcode. It uses optical technology, such as infrared light to scan
the Barcode. The Barcode Reader contains a light sensitive detector
that converts the values of the bars printed on the product into a
numeric code.
Optical Mark Recognition(OMR):- It is an input device that uses a
light beam to read marks on paper and provide input to a
computer. Optical Mark Recognition devices can scan various types
if signs, symbols, marks, etc.

Webcam:- A Webcam is an input device because it records a Video

image of the scene in front of it. It captures digital images and
sends the data to your computer. The computer then moves the
image to a server, which can transmit them to the hosting page.

Face recognition:- It refers to the technology capable of identifying

or verifying a subject through an image, video element of his face.
It is used to access an application system or service, and it works
like a face scanner.
Fingerprint recognition:- It works by examining a
finger press against a smooth surface. The fingers
ridges and valleys are scanned.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

Monitor:- A monitor is an output device that displays

information from a computer. It’s also known as a visual
display unit, or video display terminal.

Speaker:- They are output device that receive data from a

computer and convert it into audible sound. They are one
of the most common output device.

Projector:- It is an output device that takes images or text

from a computer and projects them onto a screen wall or
other surface. Projector can be used as an alternative to a
monitor or television when showing video or image to a
large group of people.
BOTH INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICE
Touchscreen:- It is more than input and output device
because it can accept data and display it on the screen,
and also send touch data back to the computer.

Telephone:- It can be used as an input device for dialing

and as an output device for computer driver voice
output.

Headphones with mic:- It is both input and output

device because it receives audio information and sends
it to a receiving device.
Modem:- It is both input and output device because it sends
and receives data at the same time. Moderns are used for two
way communication between a computer and a network.
 Front part of system unit:
The front of the computer
console is for you, dear
computer user. You use the
front of the console to interact
with the computer system
directly. From the front of the
console, you can add or remove
disks, observe lights, punch
buttons, and perhaps even plug
one or two special items into
the PC’s tummy.
DVD drive: CD/DVD drives are used to read data and
applications from CDs (compact disk) and DVDs (digital
versatile disk). It is a device which uses laser technology to
read and write data on/from optical disks.
Future expansion: Some spots on the console’s nose may
look like they’re DVD or disk drives, but they’re not! They’re
simply blanks that cover holes- holes you can use for adding
things to your computer someday.
Memory card slot: Various slot for increasing digital memory
card, such as those used in digital cameras or other portable
electronic gizmos.
Air vents: Okay, this one isn’t impressive, but most console
sport some type of air vent on the front.
• Don’t block the air vents with books or sticky notes! The thing’s gotta
breathe.
Buttons and lights: Most of a computer’s buttons are on the
keyboard. A few of the more important ones are on the console,
such as the power button and reset button. These buttons are
usually accompanied by impressive tiny lights.

Connectors: Used to connect power supplies to motherboards

with on board computer processing units.

Line cable: Line in or line-in is a jack found on computer sound

cards enabling users to connect an external audio device. These
devices include CD players, audio mixers, musical instruments, and
microphones.
 Back part of system unit:
The back side contains all
other connections - for
power, monitor, keyboard,
mouse, Internet
connection, and any other
peripheral devices. There
are typically more
connections than the
minimum necessary to
allow for expansion.
Power: This thing is where the PC plugs into a cord that plugs
into the wall.
Fan (Forward Air Navigator): Air gets sucked in here, blows
around inside the console to keep things cool, and then puffs out
the vents.
Voltage switch: Use this item to switch power frequencies to
match the specifications for your country, region.
Expansion slots: These slots are available for adding new
components to the console and expanding your PC’s hardware.
I/O panel: Aside from the power cord, and anything attached to
an expansion option and plug-in-type things are located in a
central area that I call the I/O panel.
Block diagram of the computer:
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF
A COMPUTER