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LA Lecture 18 (Sec A)

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26 views

LA Lecture 18 (Sec A)

Uploaded by

sahmed.bee23seecs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)


Department of Basic Sciences

Linear Algebra & Ordinary Differential


Equations
MATH-121
Lecture # 18

Course Instructor: Dr Saira Zainab


Ph. # 03325193283
Email: [email protected]
Office # 207, IAEC
1
Basis
Definition: The vectors v1, v2, …, vk in a vector space V are said to form a
basis for V if
These vectors
a)span V and b) are linearly independent.

Remarks: If v1, v2, …, vk form a basis for a vector space V, the they must be
distinct and nonzero.

Example: The set of vectors {tn,tn-1,…t2,t,1} forms a basis for the vector
space Pn called the natural or standard basis, for Pn.

Example: Show that the set S={ t2+1, t-1, 2t+2} is a basis for the vector
space P2.
More about basis
Remark:
1.A vector space V is called finite dimensional if there is a finite subset of
V that is a basis for V. If there is no such finite subset of V, then V is called
infinite dimensional.
2.The basis for a non zero vector space is not unique.
Theorem:
If S= { v1, v2, …, vn} is a set of nonzero vectors in a vector space V, then S
is a basis for V if and only if every vector in V can be written in one and
only one way as a linear combination of the vectors in S.
Theorem:
If S= { v1, v2, …, vn} is a basis for a vector space V and T= { w1, w2, …, wr}
is a linearly independent set of vectors in V, then r ≤ n.
Corollary:
If S= { v1, v2, …, vn} and T= { w1, w2, …, wm} are two basis for a vector
space V, then n=m.
Dimension
Definition: The dimension of a nonzero vector space V is the number of
vectors in a basis for V. We often write dim V for the dimension of V.

Facts:
1.We also define the dimension of the trivial vector space {0} to be zero.

2.A vector space V is called finite-dimensional if there is a finite subset of V


that is a basis for V. If there is no such finite subset of V, then V is called
infinite-dimensional.

3.If vector space V has dimension n, then any subset of m > n vectors must
be linearly dependent.
4.If vector space V has dimension n, then any subset of m < n vectors
cannot span v.

5.If W is a subspace of a finite-dimensional vector space V, then W is finite-


dimensional and dim W ≤ dim V.
How to find basis from given set of vectors
Examples
1. Find a basis for the subspace W of R3 spanned by
  1   3  11  7  
        
  2  ,  2  , 10  ,  6  
  2 1   7   4 
        
What is the dimension of W.
Examples
2. Find the basis of R3 that includes the vectors

1  0
 0  and 1 
   
 2   3
Examples
3. Find all values of ‘a’ for which
a 2
0 1 , 0 a 
2 , 1 0 1
is a basis for R3.
Examples
4. Find a basis for the subspace W of M33 consisting of all symmetric
matrices.
Examples
5. Find a basis for the subspace W of R4 consisting of all vectors of the form
 ac 
 a b 
 
 bc 
 
  a  b 
Examples
6. Find a basis for the subspace W of R3 consisting of all vectors of the form

a 
b 
  , where 2a + b – c = 0
 c 
Try as much as you can from…

Relevant Exercises given at the end of

Section 4.5 for : Linear Independence/Dependence


Section 4.6 for : Basis and Dimensions

Introductory Linear Algebra (9th Edition)


by B. Kolman, David R Hill
Pearson Education (Singapore) 2003.

(Already uploaded on LMS)

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