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Ratio and
proportion
OVERVIEW
❑ Concept
❑ Different Types of questions
❑ Practise on different types of questions
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A ratio is a comparison of
numbers that can be expressed
as a fraction.
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If there were 18 boys and 12 girls in a class, you could compare the number of
boys to girls by saying there is a ratio of 18 boys to 12 girls. You could represent
that comparison in three different ways:
18 to 12
18 : 12
18 /12
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Ratios The ratio of 18 to 12 is another way to represent the fraction
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A basketball team wins 16 games and loses 14 games. Find the reduced ratio
of:
❑ Wins to losses –
❑ Losses to wins –
❑ Wins to total games played -
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A jar contains 12 white, 10 red and 18 blue balls. What is the reduced ratio of
the following?
White balls to blue balls?
Red balls to the total number of balls?
Blue balls to balls that are not blue?
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Proportions
❑ A proportion is a statement that one ratio is equal to another ratio.
❑ Ex: a ratio of 4:8 = a ratio of 3:6
❑ In a proportion, you will notice that if you cross multiply the terms of
a proportion, those cross-products are equal.
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❑ The fundamental principle of proportions enables you to solve
problems in which one number of the proportion is not known.
❑ For example, if N represents the number that is unknown in a
proportion, we can find its value.
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At 2 p.m. on a sunny day, a 5 ft woman had a 2 ft shadow, while a church
steeple had a 27 ft shadow. Use this information to find the height of the
steeple.
❑ 2 x H = 5 x 27
❑ 2 x H = 135
❑ H = 67.5 ft.
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❑ If you drive 165 miles in 3 hours, how many miles can you expect to
drive in 5 hours traveling at the same average speed?
❑ A brass alloy contains only copper and zinc in the ratio of 4 parts of
copper to 3 parts zinc. If a total of 140 grams of brass is made, how
much copper is used?
❑ If a man who is 6 feet tall has a shadow that is 5 feet long, how tall is
a pine tree that has a shadow of 35 feet?
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A: B: C is in the ratio of 3: 2: 5. How much money will C get out of
Rs 1260?
252
125
503
None of these
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divide the number 455 in the ratio 4 : 3
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the cost of an article depends on three items - material, labour and other
expenses. the cost on these items is in the ratio 3 : 4 : 1 respectively. if the cost
of material is Rs 22.50, find the cost of the article
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❑
In a mixture 60 litres, the ratio of milk and water 2 : 1. If this ratio is
to be 1 : 2, then the quantity of water to be further added is:
❑ 20 litres
❑ 30 litres
❑ 40 litres
❑ 60 litres
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Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. The
ratio of the two numbers is:
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A sum of money is to be distributed among A, B, C, D in the proportion of 5 :
2 : 4 : 3. If C gets Rs. 1000 more than D, what is B's share?
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Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2 : 3. If the salary of each is
increased by Rs. 4000, the new ratio becomes 40 : 57. What is Sumit's salary?
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❑ seats for Mathematics, Physics and Biology in a school are in the
ratio 5 : 7 : 8. There is a proposal to increase these seats by 40%, 50%
and 75% respectively. What will be the ratio of increased seats?
❑ 2:3:4
❑ 6:7:8
❑ 6:8:9
❑ None of these
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❑ The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a college is 7 : 8. If the
percentage increase in the number of boys and girls be 20% and 10%
respectively, what will be the new ratio?
❑ 8:9
❑ 17 : 18
❑ 21 : 22
❑ Cannot be determined
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❑ If A : B = 4 :3 and B : C = 5 : 7. Then A : B : C is ?
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❑ The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio of the first to second is
2 :3 and that of the second to the third is 5 : 8, then the second
number is:
❑ 20
❑ 30
❑ 48
❑ 58
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If Rs. 782 be divided into three parts, proportional to 1/2 :
2/3 : 3/4 , then the first part is:
Rs. 182
Rs. 190
Rs. 196
Rs. 204
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❑ The salaries A, B, C are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5. If the increments of
15%, 10% and 20% are allowed respectively in their salaries, then
what will be new ratio of their salaries?
❑ 3 : 3 : 10
❑ 10 : 11 : 20
❑ 23 : 33 : 60
❑ Cannot be determined
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If 40% of a number is equal to two-third of another number, what is the
ratio of first number to the second number?
❑ 2:5
❑ 3:7
❑ 5:3
❑ 7:3
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❑ Two number are in the ratio 3 : 5. If 9 is subtracted from each, the
new numbers are in the ratio 12 : 23. The smaller number is:
❑ 27
❑ 33
❑ 49
❑ 55
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1. A total profit of Rs. 36,000 is to be distributed among Rajesh, Salesh and
Rajeev such that Rajesh : Salesh :: 5 : 4 and Salesh : Rajeev :: 8 : 9 . What
is the share of Rajeev ?
A. Rs. 12,000
❑B. Rs. 24,000
❑C. Rs. 10,000
❑D. Rs. 20,000
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THANKS!
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