University of Kasdi Marbah ourgla
Departement of hydrocarbons, RENEWABLE ENERGIES, EARTH AND
UNIVERSE SCIENCE
3nd year drillent ENGINEERING
OIL BASED MUD_OBM
MEDJOUDJ Yssine
LAKAS Yacine
HABARKA Mohammed Belkhir
ZIANI Ramy Abderrahimane
CHIBANI Fethi
BOUHALA Mohammed
BOUDEGHDEGH Azeddine
2023/2024
Drilling fluide
Drilling fluids are complicated mixes of solids, liquids, chemicals, and, on rare occasions, gases.
Depending on the physical state of the components, they can take on the chemical characteristics of
suspension, colloidal dispersion, or emulsion.
Function of drilling fluide
Transport cutting and dispose to surface
Clean drill bits
• Provide hydrostatic pressure to control well while drilling
• Prevent excessive mud loss
• Prevent formation damage by using reservoir drill-in fluid
• Facilitate downhole measurement as open hole logging, MWD, LWD, mud logging
Type of drilling fluide
Water based mud
Oil based fluid or synthetic based mud
• Pneumatic based mud
The importance of drilling mud
Type of drilling fluide
Drilling fluid, often known as drilling mud, is a critical
component of the oil and gas drilling process. It serves
• Water-based mud
several functions, including wellbore stability, subsurface
Is drillent mud types are the mostcommonly used fluids
pressure control, cuttings removal, and drill bit cooling and
lubrication. Drilling fluid is critical to the success of any
• Oil-based mud
drilling operation
Are more expensive and require more environmental
considerations
Wellbore stability is one of the most important functions of
drilling fluid. The fluid serves as a barrier between the
• Pneumatic-gaz fluide-
drilling fluid and the surrounding rock formations,
Is limited to depleted zonesor areas wherethe formation
preventing caving and other geological problems that could
are low pressured
harm the wellbore. This resilience is especially significant
when digging in deep, unstable geological formations.
Oil-based mud (OBM)
Is mud where the base fluid is a petroleum product such as diesel fuel. They used for many reasons,
including increased lubricity, enhanced shale inhibition, and greater cleaning abilities with less
viscosity. Oil-based muds also withstand greater heat without breaking down. The use of oil-based
muds has special considerations, including cost, environmental considerations such as disposal of
cuttings in an appropriate place, and the exploratory disadvantages of using oil-based mud. Using an oil
based mud interferes with the geochemical analysis of cuttings and cores and with the determination
of API gravity because the base fluid cannot be distinguished from oil returned from the formation.
There are two types of oil-based mud
• Direct emulsion mud_O/W
where the continuous phase is oil and the dispersed phase is water with a low rate of 2 to 5% by
volume.
• Invert emulsion mud_W/O
in this case the continuous phase still oil but the percentage of water becomes from 5 to 50%
Advantages of Oil-based mud
• Shale inhibition
• Reduction of torque and drag problems
Compositions of Oil-Based Mud
• Thermal stability in wells
• Resistance to chemical contamination
A typical OBM has the following composition:
Clays and sand about_3%
Salt about_4%
Barite_9%
Water_30%
Oil_50/80 %
Generally, the mud will comprise of:
An oil phases
Weighting agents Disadvantages of Oil-based mud
Wetting agents
Viscosifiers High initial cost
Alkalinity control agents Slow rates of penetration
Corrosion inhibitors Pollution control
• Biocides Disposal of oil mud cuttings
Kick detection
• Formation evaluation
Oil-based mud properties
Physical properties Chemical properties
.Density or mud weight – ppg or SG PH
Marsh Funnel Viscosity – seconds .Alkalinities, filtrate. –Pf/Mf
.per quart Alkalinity, mud. – Pm
.Plastic viscosity – centipoise Total hardness – calcium and
Yield point – Ibs per 100 sq. Ft or as .magnesium ions
pascal Calcium concentration – calcium
Gels - centipoise, 10 seconds & 10 .ion
.minutes • Total chloride ion.
Fluid loss or filtration rate - mls per
.30 mins
• HTHP filtration rate - mls per 30
mins.
• Electrical stability_E.S
The problems result by the incorrect combination of oil-based mud
Clay Selection
Choosing the right type of clay requires a precise
understanding of geological conditions and drilling-specific
Rock Formations and Damage
needs.
Failure to adhere to clay properties can result in the
absorption of valuable materials from rock formations.
Clay Composition
Determining the clay composition accurately, considering
Pulling Issues
component ratios like barite and polymers, is crucial.
Inability to maintain hydration stability increases the
likelihood of difficulties in pulling pipes after drilling.
Hydration Properties
Adjusting hydration properties plays a critical role in
Well Control Challenges
improving the clay’s response to varying geological
Incorrect adjustments to clay properties can lead to
conditions.
challenges in controlling well pressures.
Impact of Imbalance
Regular Maintenance
Incorrect interaction between clay components can lead
Preserving clay performance requires periodic
to changes in hydration and viscosity properties.
maintenance to assess and adjust properties based on
changing conditions.
Effect on Drilling Speed
Increased viscosity or instability negatively impacts
drilling speed and raises energy consumption.
Thank you
