1

CPM

Critical path method was invented be J.E Kelly and M. R.

Worker in 1957. this method is invented for the planning
of chemical processing plant and for controlling this
method is for the presentation of various work related to a
project, relation for each other, performing time, critical
path etc. through design or diagram.
 2

PERT

Steps in developing and solving PERT Network:

1.Identify the activities need to be performed for project
implementation.
2.The time required for completing each activity of the
project is estimated and noted on network.
3.Time is estimated for each activity of the project. In
ease of pert three type of time estimation is needed for
each activity.
 3

PERT
Three types of time estimation are:
Optimistic time: Logical time estimation of project
completion. In case of optimistic time it presumes that
everything will be done normally. Optimistic time is
donated by “a”
Pessimistic time: The delay estimated time for completing
a project. Pessimistic time is estimated with due
consideration of adverse situation and is denoted by “b”
Most likely time: Most possible time of completing a
project. Most likely time is denoted by “m”
 4

PERT
 5

PERT
 6

PERT
Activity Immediate Time
7

predecessor (In days) Instructions:

activity 1. Draw a network
A --- 6 diagram.
B A 9 2. Indicate critical
C A 8 path.
D A 12 3. If activity f requires
E B 11 9 days instead of 7
F C,D 7 days. Do you think that
it would change the
G E,F 12
critical path?
H D 14
I G,H 9
 8

Requirement: 1

3
B E

1 A 2 C 4 F 6 I
7 J
8

D H
5
 9

Requirement: 2

Alternative path of network diagram:

Path-1. A-B-E-G-I = 6+9+11+12+9 = 47 days

Path-2. A-C-F-G-I = 6+8+7+12+9 = 42 days
Path-3. A-D-Dummy-F-G-I = 6+12+0+7+12+9 = 46 days
Path-4. A-D-H-I = 6+12+14+9 = 41 days

We know, critical path is the largest path among alternative paths of

network diagram. Here path-1 (A-B-E-G-I) is critical path and length of
this path is 47 days.
 10

Requirement: 3

If the activity f requires 9 days instead of 7 days than length of each

alternative path will be:

Path-1. A-B-E-G-I = 6+9+11+12+9 = 47 days

Path-2. A-C-F-G-I = 6+8+9+12+9 = 44 days
Path-3. A-D-Dummy-F-G-I = 6+12+0+9+12+9 = 48 days
Path-4. A-D-H-I = 6+12+14+9 =41 days

From above calculation we see that, if F activity requires 9 days instead

of 7 days than critical path is changed. New critical path is path-3(A-D-
Dummy-F-G-I) and its length is 48 days.
Activity Optimistic Most Pessimistic Immediate
time (a) Likely Time (b) predecessor 11

(in days) Time (m) (in days) activity

(in days) Instructions:
1. Draw a network
A 10 22 22 ---
diagram.
B 20 20 20 --- 2. Calculate expected
C 4 10 16 --- time.
3. Indicate critical path.
D 2 14 32 A
4. What is the variance
E 8 8 20 B,C of critical path?
F 8 14 20 B,C 5. What is the probability
of completing the
G 4 4 4 B,C
project within 50 days?
H 2 12 16 C
I 6 16 38 G,H
J 2 8 14 D,E
 12

Requirement: 1
D
A 2 5
I
B E

1 3 F
7
C G

4 6 J
H
13
 14

Requirement 3: Alternative path are as follows:

Path-1. A-D-J=20+15+8 = 43 days
Path-2. E-B-J=20+10+8 = 38 days
Path-3. B-F=20+14 = 34 days
Path-4. B-G-I=20+4+18 = 42 days
Path-5. C-H-I=10+11+18 = 39 days
Path-6. C-Dummy-E-J=10+0+10+8 = 28 days
Path-7. C-Dummy-F=10+0+14 = 24 days
Path-8. C-Dummy-G-I=10+0+4+18 = 32 days

Among these paths path-1 (A-D-J) is the highest length of alternative

path. So path A-D-J is critical path and its duration is 43 days and
duration of project is 43 days.
15
16
 PERT CPM 17

It is an event oriented approach It is an activity oriented approach.

PERT is established on possibility theory and three The possibility theory is not used in CPM. Time
times estimation is used for each activity. estimation is used for each activity.
There is no opportunity for impeding the project But, in CPM, the relation time and expenditure
activities is PERT technique. In it, the relation project and there is an opportunity for impeding
between of time and expenditure is not seen. the project activities.
PERT technique is used more in that project in CPM is used in that project in where the risk and
where risk and time related uncertainty is more. time related uncertainty is less and stagnation
Generally, the use of PERT technique is seen in technique are used. The use of CPM is seen more in
research. constructive activities.
It is time based It is cost based

It averages time It does not average time

It is probabilistic model It is a deterministic model.

 Activity Immediate predecessor activity
18

1 ---
2 ---
3 1,4
4 2
5 2
6 3,5

Instructions: From the following information draw the

AON (Activity-on-node) diagram.
 19

C
2 4
A 6 F

9 4
1 D 6
B 7
G
8 E 5
3 5
10

Instruction: Calculate critical path.

 Activity Immediate predecessor activity
20

A ---
B ---
C A
D A,B
E C
F D,E
G F

Instructions: From the following information draw an AON and AOA

diagram.
 21

3a
2 4
2a
!a
1b 3b 2b
1 3 3 6
1c 3d 2d 2c

3 5
3c

From the following AOA diagram draw an AON diagram.

Activity Optimistic time (a) Most Likely Time (m) Pessimistic Time (b) 22

(in days) (in days) (in days)

A 1 3 5
B 2 6 10
C 3 8 15
D 4 6 12
E 5 4 8
F 6 10 20

Instructions: From the following information calculate the

expected time to complete the each activity.
Activity Optimistic time (a) Most Likely Time (m) Pessimistic Time (b) 23

(in days) (in days) (in days)

A 6 8 15
B 8 10 12
C 2 4 7
D 3 4 9
E 7 8 10

Instructions: Calculate the variance of each of the activity.

Activity Optimistic time Most Likely Time Pessimistic Time Immediate
(a) (m) (b) predecessor activity24
A 1 4 7 ---
B 2 2 2 ---
C 2 5 8 A
D 3 4 5 A
E 4 6 8 B,C
F 0 0 6 B,C
G 3 6 9 D,E

Instructions:
1. Draw a network diagram.
2. Calculate expected time.
3. Indicate critical path.
4. What is the variance of critical path?
Activi Optimistic Most Likely Time Pessimistic
ty time (a) (m) Time (b) 25

A-B 4 7 10
A-C 2 5 8 Instructions:
C-B 0 4 6 1. Draw an AOA network
diagram.
C-E 4 4 5
2. Calculate expected
B-D 3 3 3 time.
B-E 1 1 4
3. Indicate critical path.
4. Critical path probability
D-F 3 6 9 of completion in 22 days?
D-E 5 5 7
E-F 3 2 5
Activ Immediate Time (In days)
26

ity predecessor activity

A --- 2
B --- 3
C A 3
D A 2 Instructions:
E B 2 Draw a network
F B 7
G C 4
H D,E 3
I H 2
J G,I 4
 27
Activity 1-2 1-3 2-4 3-4 3-5 4-9 5-6 5-7 6-8 7-8 8-9 8-10 9-10

Time 4 1 1 1 6 5 4 8 1 2 1 8 7

Instructions:
1. Draw a network diagram.
2. Calculate expected time.
3. Indicate critical path.
4. What is the variance of critical path?