Advanced Math

Rural Water Association of Utah

Pre-certification Training
 Water Facts
8.34

One ft.

One Gallon
WATER Weighs
One ft. One Cubic Foot 8.34 lbs.
=7.48 gallons

One ft. Scale

 Formulas
• 1. Dosage: mg/L x MGD x 8.34 = lbs. per day
• 2. Square Area = Length x Width
• 3. CT = Chlorine in mg/L x time in minutes.
• 4. Circular Area = pi or 3.14 x radius2 or
diameter2 x .785
• 5. Circumference = 3.14 x diameter
• 6. Cylinder Volume = Area x Height
 Formulas
• 7. Cube Volume = width x height x length
• 8. When figuring volume of a tank, don’t
forget to convert your cubic feet to gallons by
multiplying your volume by 7.48 gal/ft3
• 9. Flow rate = Velocity (ft/sec) x Area (ft 2) or
Q=VxA
• 10. Q = ft3/sec flow rate
 Formulas
• 11. Force = Pressure (psi) x Area (in2)
• 12. Detention Time: Tank Volume (gallons)
Flow (gpm or gpd or gpd)
• 13. Filtration rate (gpm/ft2) = Flow (gpm)
Surface Area (ft2)
• 14. Surface Overflow = gpd (flow)
Tank surface area (ft2)
 Formulas
• 15. Specific Capacity = Flow (gpm)
Drawdown
(ft)
• 16. % strength by weight = weight of solute x 100
weight of solution
• 17. HP = feet of head x flow (gpm)
3960
 MGD Conversion
• To convert MGD into Cubic Feet per
Second (cfs) multiply by 1.55. To
convert Gallons per Minute (gpm)
multiply by 694.4.
• Multiply 120 MGD by 1.55 and you will
get with 186 cfs.
• Multiply 120 MGD by 694.4 and you will
get 83,328 gpm.
• To check yourself, the cfs or gpm will
always be higher than the MGD.
Gallon per Minute (gpm) to Cubic
Feet per Second (cfs) Conversion
PSI to Feet Conversion
 Problem Solving Rules
• Work from left to right
• Do all the multiplication and division above
the line (in the numerator) and below the
line (in the denominator); then do the
addition and subtraction below the line.
• Perform the division (divide the numerator
by the denominator)
• If problem has parentheses, do all the
arithmetic inside the parentheses. Use the
same order as above sentences.
 1. This year your maintenance crew has been
given a work order to paint the 2.5 million gallon
reservoir. You need to figure how much paint it
will require to paint the reservoir inside and out.
The reservoir is 146 ft in diameter and 20 ft high.
A gallon of paint will cover 150 square feet (ft 2).

20 ft.
2.5 million gallons
Covers
150 ft2

0ne
gallon
146 ft.
2. How much force in tons is on an 8"
valve with 75 psi on one side?

tons of force ?

8“ 75 psi
 3. What is 70° Fahrenheit
converted to Celsius?
• Formula:
– Add 40
– Multiply by 5/9
– Subtract 40 = C°

• 70 + 40 = 110
• 110 x 5/9 = 61
• 61 – 40 = 21° C
3b. What is 21° Celcius converted
to Fahrenheit?
• Formula:
– Add 40
– Multiply by 9/5
– Subtract 40 = deg. F

• 21 + 40 = 61
• 61 x 9/5 = 110
• 110 – 40 = 70 deg. F.
 4. What is the GPM flow of a 2' by 3' open
channel with a velocity of 1 fps?
• Q (cfs) = V(fps) x A(ft2)
• A = 2’ x 3’
• Q = 6 ft2 x 1 ft/sec = 6 ft3/sec
• 6 ft3/sec x 448.8 gal/min/ft3 = 2,693 GPM

GPM ? 1 foot per second 3 ft

2 ft
5. How much will it cost in a year to chlorinate a 24-inch pipeline
flowing at 15 fps if a residual of 0.4 ppm is desired with a demand
of 1.2 ppm if chlorine costs $0.81 per lb.?

• Q = V x A, Q = (2’ x 2’ x .785) x 15 fps

• Q = 47.1 cfs, 47.1 x 448.8 = 21138.5 GPM
• 21138.5 x 1440 = 30.4 MGD or 47.1 x .64627 = 30.4 MG
• (0.4 + 1.2) x 30.4 x 8.34 = 405.7 lbs.
• 405.7 lbs/day x 0.81 = $328.62 per day
• $328.62 x 365 days/year = $119,946

? Chlorine needed
Demand 1.2 ppm Residual .4 ppm

24 “ 15 fps
 6. What horsepower of a 92% efficient pump
would be required to pump 5 cfs into a 40 ft. deep
tank with a diameter of 90 ft. at an elevation of
310 ft. above the pump?

40 ft.

310 ft.

5 cfs

92% efficient
7. A pump station is located at an elevation of 4,678 feet. The pump is
pumping into a 2 MG tank that is 40 feet high. The tank is located at a
base elevation of 4,813 feet at a flow of 3.8 cfs, how much will it cost
for electricity to run the pump for 18 hours a day for 6 months if
power costs $0.47 per kilowatt hour? Assume 100% efficiency of the
pump & motor.
• Water Hp = Q (gpm) x Head ft. =
3960
• (4813 - 4678 + 40) (3.8 x 448.8) = 298452 = 75.4 40 ‘
hp 3960 3960 2 MG
• 75.4 x 0.746 = 56 kW
• 56 kW x 182.5 x 18 = 183,960 kW hours
4,813 ‘
• 183,960 x $ 0.47 =
• $ 86,461.20

? Hp
100%
4,678 ‘
100 % 3.8 cfs
 8. If two 1,500 gpm pumps are pumping with a discharge
pressure gauge indicating 115 psi and the elevation difference
between the pumps and the water in the tank is 310 feet, what is
the head loss due to friction in psi?

• 310' = 134 psi

2.31
• 153 psi - 134 psi =
• 19 psi Head Loss 310 ‘
1,500 gpm each
153 psi
 9. How much Calcium Hypochlorite at 65% is needed to disinfect
3,500' of 12" pipe to 25 mg/l?
• 12" = One Foot
12"
• 1' x 1' x 0.785 = 0.785 ft2
• 0.785 ft2 x 3,500' = 2,747.5 ft3
• 2,747.5 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 = 20,550 gal
• 20,550 gal. = 0.02055 MG
1,000,000
• 0.02055 MG x 25 mg/L x 8.34 = 4.28 lbs.
• 4.28 lbs.
.65
• 6.6 lbs.

3,500 ft.
12” How much 65% HTH to chlorinate this pipe at 25 mg/L?
 10. What is the GPM flow rate of a 18” pipe with
a velocity of 3.6 fps?
• Q = A x V V = 3.6 fps A = 18 inch pipe Q = ?
• A = 18” = 1.5’
12”
• 1.5 x 1.5 x .785 = 1.766 ft2
• 1.766 ft2 x 3.6 fps = 6.36 cfs
• 6.36 cfs x 448.8 gal/cfs = 2854 GPM

16” pipe

3.6 fps
GPM = ?
 11. What is the velocity of the water in fps of an
18 inch pipe flowing at 4.2 MGD?
• V=Q Q = 4.2 MGD A = 18 inch pipe
A
• 4,200,000 gal/day = 2917 gal/min = 6.5 cfs
1440 min/day 448.8 gal/cfs
• or 4.2 MGD = 6.5 cfs
.64627
• 18 = 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.785 = 1.8 ft2 12
• 6.5 ft3/sec =
1.8 ft2
• 3.6 fps velocity
18” pipe

4.2 MGD
Velocity = ? feet per second
 12. What is the percent of “unaccounted for”
water in a system if the pump delivers 450,000
gallons in a month and the customer meter reads
53,680 ft3?
• 450,000 gal = 60,160 ft3
7.48 gal/ ft3
• 53,680 ft3 = .89
60,160 ft3
• 1.00 - .89 = 11%

Delivers 450,000 gal/month

%? 53,680 ft3

Customer’s meter
 13. If a pumping station produces 4,200 gpm with 520 ft. of head and has
efficiencies of 87% on the motor and 79% on the pump, what would be
the average monthly power cost if the pump ran 10 hours per day and
power costs $0.19 per kilowatt hour?
• Water Hp = Q (gpm) x Head ft. = 3960
• 4,200 gpm x 520 hd.ft. = 552 Whp 3960
• Bhp = Water Horsepower $0.19 per kW hour
Pump efficiency
• 552 / 0.79 = 699 Bhp
• Mhp = Brake Horsepower Motor efficiency
• 699 / 0.87 = 803 Mhp
• kW = 0.746 x Motor horsepower
• 803 Mhp x 0.746 = 599 kW
• 10 hours/day x 30 days = 300 hours
520 ‘
• 599 kW x 300 hours =179,700 kW hours x $0.19 =
• $34,143
? Hp
87%

79 %

4,200 gpm
14. What would be the maximum pumping rate in
cfs of a 30 hp pump with 145' of head?
• 145 ft of head x ? gpm = 30 hp
3960
• gpm = 3960 x hp
feet of head
• 3960 x 30 hp = 118,800 = 819.3 gpm
145 ft of head 145 ft of head
• 819.3 =
448.8
145 ft.
• 1.8 cfs

30
hp

? cfs
 15. What is the fps difference in velocity of a 12”
and 10” main with a flow of 4,200 GPM?

• V=Q
? Velocity A
• 4,200 = 9.4 cfs 4,200
448.8 gpm 10” pipe
• 12 = 1 ft. & 10 = .83 ft. 12 12
• 1 x 1 x 0.785 = 0.785 sq.ft. .83 x .83 x 0.785 = 0.54 sq.ft.
• 9.4 ft3/sec = 12 fps 9.4 ft3/sec = 17 fps ? Velocity
0.785 ft2
0.54 ft2
• 17 fps - 12 fps = 4,200 GPM 12” PIPE
• 5 fps difference
 16. What would be the gpm flow of an 8 inch
water pipe to achieve a velocity of 2.5 fps?
• Q = A x V V = 2.5 fps A = 8 inch pipe Q = ?
• A = 8” = 0.67’
12”
• 0.67 x 0.67 x 0.785 = 0.35 ft2
8” pipe
• 2.5 fps x 0.35 ft2 = 0.88 cfs
• 0.88 cfs x 448.8 = 2.5 fps
• 395 gpm Flow on gpm = ?
17. What size of pipe would be needed to double
the volume of a 10” pipe?
• A = D x D x .785 10”divided by 12” = 0.8333’
• A = 0.8333 x 0.8333 x 0.785 =
• 0.55 x 2 = 1.10 ft2
• 1.10 ft2 = .785 x D2
• 1.10 = 1.4 D2
.785
• square root of 1.4 feet = 1.18 x 12 inches
• 14.2 inches 10” pipe

Size to double volume = ?

 18. If a 2 MG tank is dosed at 200 mg/L chlorine
at the bottom 1 foot of the tank and is then filled
to the 38 ft. overflow, what would be the resulting
mg/L dosage in the full tank?
• 2,000,000 = 52,632 gal per foot
38 ft.
• 52,632 = .052632 MG
1,000,000
• ? lbs. Cl2 = 200 mg/L x 0.052632 MG x 8.34 2 MG
38’
• 87.8 lbs. Cl2
• 87.8 lbs. Cl2 = 1 foot
2 MG x 8.34
• 5.3 mg/L
 19. If the annual operating cost of a water system includes $29,000
for salaries, $7,450 for chemicals, $8,620 for utilities, and $2,350 for
maintenance, and the system delivers an average of 22 MG per
month, what is the annual cost per 1,000 gallons to produce water?
• $29,000 + $7,450 + $8,620 + $2,350 = $47,420
• 22,000,000 x 12 = 264,000,000 gal/year
• $47,420 = $ 0.00018 per gallon
264,000,000 gallons
• 0.00018 x 1000 =
• 0.18 cents per 1,000 gallons Spends $47,420

22 MG per month
$ ? per 1,000 gallons
 20. If a pump is delivering a flow of 340 gpm and
using 45 kW, with a wire to water efficiency of
70%, what is the total head it is pumping against?
• WHp = flow (gpm) x height = 3960
• H = 3960 x .70 % = 340 gpm
• kW = 0.746 x Motor Hp
• 8.15 feet x 45 kW = 0.746
• 492 feet ? feet

45 kW

70% overall efficiency 340 gpm

 21. If a tank has a radius of 35 feet and is 32 feet high
and needs to be disinfected at 5 mg/L with 5% sodium
hypochlorite, how many gallons of the hypochlorite is
needed?
• 35 x 35 x 3.14 = 3846.5 ft2
• 3846.5 x 32 = 123,088 ft3
• 123,088 x 7.48 = 920,698 gallons
• 920,698 gal. = 0.92 MG x 5 mg/l x 8.34 = 38.36 lbs.
1,000,000
35 ’
• 38.36 lbs = 4.6 gal
8.34 lbs/gal ? 5%
• 4.6 gal Sodium
Hypochlorite
= .05 32 ’
? gallons
• 92 gal. 5 mg/L
23. What additional pressure in feet of head will
you need to be added to water from a pipeline
with 65 psi to fill a 40’ high tank located at an
elevation of 367 feet above the pipeline?
• 40’ + 367’ = 407'
• 407 ft = 176 psi
40’
2.31
ft/psi
• 176 – 65 =
• 111 additional psi
65 psi 367’
24. How much 65% HTH would be needed to close a 90 ft
diameter clearwell that is 15 ft deep with a dose of
75 ppm?
• 90 ft x 90 ft x 0.785 = 6,358.5 ft2
• 6,358.5 ft2 x 15 ft = 95,377.5 ft3
• 95,377.5 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 = 713,424 gal. Diameter = 90 ft

• 713, 424 gallons = 0.71 MG

1,000,000
• 0.71 MG x 75 mg/l x 8.34 = 444.1 lbs.
• 444.1 lbs. =
0.65
• 683 lbs. 15 ft.
90 ft. dia.
75 mg/L
? lbs.
65% HTH feeder
 25. What is detention time in minutes of a
sedimentation basin with a volume of 80,000
gallons and a flow of 1.1 MGD?
• 80,000 gallons =
1,100,000 gal/day
• 0.073 day
• 0.073 x 1440 min =
• 105.1 min

80,000 gallons

1.5 MGD
? minutes detention time
 26. City spends $166,000 per year and sells
750 MG, what is cost per 1,000 gallons?
• 750 MG x 1,000,000 = 750,000,000
gallons
• 750,000,000 = 750,000 gallons
1,000

• $166,000 =
Spends $166,000
750,000
• 0.22 cents per 1,000 gallons
750 MG
$ ? per 1,000 gallons
 27. How many gallons in an 80'
diameter tank filled 20'?

• 80' x 80' x 0.785 = 5,024 ft2

• 5,024 ft2 x 20' = 100,480 ft3
• 100,480 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 =
• 751,590 gal
80 ft

? Gallons 20 ft
28. How many gallons of water in an
18" pipe that is 5,500' long?
• 18" = 1.5' x 1.5' x 0.785 = 1.766 ft2
12”
• 1.766 ft2 x 5,500' = 9,714 ft3
• 9,714 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 =
• 72,663 gal

5,500 ft.

18 “ Pipe ? gallons
29. How long will a 10,000 gallon tank flow
at 250 gpm?

• 10,000 gal =
250 gpm

• 40 min

? of minutes to drain

10,000g
allons
250 gpm
30. How many hours would it take to fill a
90' dia. tank 40 feet high pumping 2,400 gpm?

• 90' x 90' x 0.785 = 6,358.5 ft2

• 6,358.5 ft2 x 40' = 254,340 ft3
• 254,340 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 = 1,902,460 gal.
• 1,902,460 gal. = 792.7 min. 792.7 min. =
2,400 gal/min 60 min./hr.
• 13.21 hrs. 0.21 min x 60 min = 12.6 min.
• 13 hrs. and 13 min. 90 ft

40 ft
Hours to fill ?
2,400 gpm
 31. How many lbs. of 65% HTH would be
needed to dose 300,000 gal. at 250 mg/l?

• 300,000 gal. = 0.3 MG

1,000,000
• 0.3 x 250 mg/l x 8.34 =
• 625.5 lbs.
• 625.5 lbs. =
300,000 gallons
65% 65%
HTH
• 962 lbs.
? lbs. to chlorinate at 250 mg/L
32. What would be the cost per day to
chlorinate 4 MGD at 1.5 mg/l if chlorine
costs 20 cents per pound?

• 4 MGD x 1.5 mg/l x 8.34 = 50.04 lbs

• 50.04 lbs. x $0.20 per lbs. =

$0.20 per lb.

• $10.00
Cl2

4 MG
1.5 mg/L
33. A leak of 1 pint every 1.5 min. would
leak how many gallons in 30 days?

• 1,440 min./day = 960 pints/day

1.5 min./pint
• 960 pints/day =120 gpd x 30 days/month=
8 pints/gal.
• 3,600 gal/month

1 pint every 1.5 min.

How many gallons in one month?

34. What is the pumping rate in gpm if the
pump drains 2' out of a 25' x 35' basin in
1 hr.?
• 2' x 25' x 35' = 1,750 ft3
• 1,750 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 = 13,090 gal.
• 13,090 gal.= 35 ft
60 min./hr 25 ft
• 218 gpm

2 ft
? GPM
 35. How long of a 2' wide by 2' deep trench will
be needed to drain water from 1,500' of 8" water
line?
• 8" = 0.67'
12"
• 0.67 x 0.67' x 0.785 = 0.352 ft2 x 1,500’ =
• 528 ft3
• 528 ft3 = 528 ft3 =
2' x 2' 4 ft2
• 132 ft 1,500 ft
8“ pipe
2 ft

2 ft

? ft of trench
 36. How many gallons will a 40' high tank
with a circumference of 283' hold when it is
full?
• 283 ft = 90 ft x 90 ft x 0.785 = 6,358.5 ft2 3.14
• 6,358.5 ft2 x 40 ft = 254,340 ft3
• 254,340 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 =
Circumference 283 ft.
• 1,902,463 gallons

? dia. 40 ft
? gallons
 37. What is the per capita production in gallons
per day of a plant that produces 5.75 cfs to a
system with a population of 2,450?
• 5.75 cfs x 448.8 gpm/cf = 2580.6 gpm
2580.6 x 1440 min/day = gpd
• 3,716,064 gpd =
2,450 people
• 1517 gpd per capita

2,450 people

? gallons per day

per person

5.75 cfs
 38. What is the detention time in minutes of a
20 ft. diameter, 12 ft. deep tank with a flow of
1.5 MGD?
• 1,000,000/1440 min. per day = 694 gpm
• 1.5 MGD x 694 gpm per MGD = 1,041 gpm
• 20 ft x 20 ft x 0.785 = 314 ft 2
• 314 ft2 x 12 ft = 3,768 ft3
• 3,768 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 = 28,185 gallons
• 28,185 gallons = 27 minutes 1,041
gpm

12 ft.
20 ft.dia.
? volume
Flow =1.5 MGD
? minutes for volume to pass thru tank
 39. What is the total head loss in feet of 5,700 ft.
of 16 in. pipe with a flow of 2,400 gpm if the head
loss is calculated at 0.31 ft. per 100 ft.?
• 5,700 ft. = 57 x 0.31 ft. = 100
ft.
• 17.67 ft x 0.433 =

• 7.6 psi
5,700 ft.
2,400 gpm 16” pipe

0.31 ft. of head loss per 100 ft.

100 ft.
? psi total head loss
 40. If a chlorine residual is 1.2 at the chlorinator
and 0.5 in the distribution system, what is the
chlorine demand?

• 1.2 mg/l - 0.5 mg/l =

• 0.7 mg/l chlorine demand

Chlorinator 1.2 mg/L .5 mg/L

Chlorine demand = ? mg/L

 41. If the cut stake for a fire hydrant is marked
AC-4.25@ and the hydrant is 7 ft. 6 in. tall, how
high will the top be above the finished grade?
• 6" = 0.5 ft 12
in/ft
• 7.5 ft. - 4.25 ft. = C - 4.25

• 3.25 ft. ? ft.

7.5’
4.25’
 42. How many gal. of 5% sodium hypochlorite
will be needed to disinfect a 12 in. diameter well
that is 280 ft. deep with a static water level of 130
ft. to a dosage of 50 mg/l?
? Gallons
5% 12” diameter
Cl2

130 ft

280 ft

? ft

NEXT SLIDE
 42. CONTINUED
How many gal. of 5% sodium hypochlorite will be needed
to disinfect a 12 in. well that is 280 ft. deep with a static
water level of 130 ft. to a dosage of 50 mg/l?
• 280 ft. - 130 ft. = 150 ft.
• 12" = 1 ft. x 1 ft. x 0.785 = 0.785 ft2 12”
• 0.785 ft2 x 150 ft. = 117.75 ft3
• 117.75 ft3 x 7.48 gal/ft3 = 881 gal.
• 881 gal. = 0.001 x 50 mg/l x 8.34= 1,000,000
gal/MGD
• 0.417 lbs. 0.417 lbs. =
0.05
• 8.34 lbs. or 1 gallon
 43. How many pounds of gas chlorine would be
needed to dose 1.5 mg/l to a 4.25 mile section of 24
in. pipeline flowing at 2.1 cfs?

• 2.1 cfs = 1.35 MGD

1.55 cfs/MGD
• 1.35 MGD x 1.5 mg/l x 8.34 =
• 16.9 lbs.

? lbs. of chlorine

4.25 miles
24 inch pipe 2.1 cfs
 44. What is the contact time for a 10 hour
period of a basin being dosed at 0.2 mg/L?

• CT = Chlorine concentration x Time in min.

• 10 hr. x 60 min. = 600 min.
• 0.2 mg/L x 600 min. =
• 120 CT units
10 hours

2 mg/L ? CT units
 Grade Rules
• Grade is usually expressed as a decimal
number or percent, as these are easily
converted from one to another:
• Decimal number = Percent
• 0.4 grade = 40% grade
• 0.1 grade = 10% grade
• 0.06 grade = 6% grade
• 0.002 grade = .2% grade
• 0.0007 grade = .07% grade
 Grade Formula
• Grade = Drop in feet
Distance in feet
 45. A sewer line of 2000 ft is laid such that the
downstream end of the sewer line is 8 ft lower
than the upstream end. What is the sewer grade?
• Formula: Grade = Drop in ft.
Distance in ft.
• 8 ft. =
2000 ft.
• 0.004 or 0.4 % grade

? % grade
8 ft drop

2000 ft
 46 . A 10 inch diameter pipe is designed for
optimum flow velocity at a grade of .0028. If the
2500 ft. of pipe are to be laid, how much lower
will the downstream end of the pipe be than the
upstream end of the pipe?

• 2500 ft x .0028 =
• 7 ft lower than the upstream end

.0028 % grade

? ft

2500 ft
47. You are told that a pipe will be laid at a
0.1% grade. If 3000 ft of pipe is to be laid,
the upstream end will be how much higher
than the downstream end of the pipe?
• Convert 0.1% grade to grade = 0.001
• 0.001 x 3000 ft =
• Upstream end is 3 ft higher

.1% grade
? ft

3000 ft.
 48. Two pumps are running with an output of 2500 gpm.
The pressure gauges read 89 psi on the discharge pipe and
the distance between the gauges and the water level in the
tank is 144 ft. What is the head loss due to friction?
• GPM has nothing to do with figuring the
answer.
• Convert 144 ft to psi 144 x 0.433 = 62.35 psi
• 89 psi - 62.35 psi =
• 26.65 psi of head loss

144 ft

89 psi
Head loss due to friction ?
 49. Disinfecting the Reservoir
• After painting the reservoir you need to disinfect it
per AWWA standards.
• Rules say to use AWWA standard C652-92
• One method states you must maintain 50 mg/L
residual for 6 hours
• You are using HTH calcium hypochlorite at 65%
strength

65% 50 mg/L 2.5 million gallons

HTH feeder
• Formula: lbs. per day= MGD x 8.34 x ppm
• Known 50 mg/L and 2.5 MGD
• 2.5 MGD x 8.34 lbs./gal x 50 mg/L =
• 1043 lbs.
• 1043 lbs./.65% =
• 1605 lbs. of HTH
50. A chlorinator is set to feed 12 lbs. per day to a
flow of 300 GPM. What is the dose in mg/L?
• Dose mg/L = lbs. per day
(MGD)(8.34)
• 300 gpm x 60 min. x 24 hr = 432,000 GPD
• 432,000 GPD = 0.432 MGD
1,000,000 MGD
• 12 lbs.per day = 12 lbs. =
(0.432)(8.34) 3.6
• 3.3 mg/L
Feeding 12 lbs. per day

? MGD
300 gpm
? mg/L
 Volume of a Cone
• Formula: 0.785 x D2 x H = Volume
3
 51. What is the volume of a cone with a
diameter of 10 feet with a depth of 5 feet?

• .785 x 10 x 10 x 5 =
3
• 130.83 ft3
10 ft.

5 ft.