Sql Queries,constraints And Triggers
SUBMITTED BY:
NAME:-K.SAI TEJASRI
ROLL NO:-22D21A1230
SECTION:-IT-A
Introduction to SQL Queries, Constraints, and Triggers.
• SQL queries are used to retrieve and manipulate data from relational
databases.
• Constraints are rules that enforce data integrity within a database.
• Triggers are special types of stored procedures that are automatically
executed in response to certain events.
SQL SELECT Query.
• The SELECT statement is used to query data from one or more database
tables.
• It allows filtering, sorting, and grouping of data.
• The syntax includes clauses such as WHERE, ORDER BY, and GROUP
BY.
SQL INSERT Query.
• The INSERT statement is used to add new records to a table.
• It specifies the columns and values to be inserted.
• It is important to ensure data types and constraints are satisfied when
inserting data.
SQL UPDATE Query.
• The UPDATE statement is used to modify existing records in a table.
• It specifies the columns to be updated and the new values.
• The WHERE clause is used to filter which records are updated.
SQL DELETE Query.
• The DELETE statement is used to remove records from a table.
• It can delete specific records based on conditions in the WHERE clause.
• Exercise caution when using DELETE as it permanently removes data.
Constraints in SQL.
• Constraints are used to enforce rules on data integrity.
• Common constraints include NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY,
FOREIGN KEY, and CHECK.
• Constraints help maintain data quality and consistency.
Types of Constraints.
• NOT NULL ensures a column cannot have a NULL value.
• UNIQUE ensures each value in a column is unique.
• PRIMARY KEY uniquely identifies each record in a table.
More Types of Constraints.
• FOREIGN KEY establishes a relationship between two tables.
• CHECK enforces conditions on column values.
• Constraints can be added when creating a table or altered later.
Triggers in SQL.
• Triggers are special stored procedures that are automatically executed in
response to events.
• Events can include INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations on a table.
• Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, audit changes, or perform
complex actions.
Creating and Managing Triggers.
• Triggers are created using the CREATE TRIGGER statement.
• They can be set to execute before or after the triggering event.
• Triggers can be disabled, enabled, or dropped as needed.
THANK YOU
