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Machine Learning

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14 views15 pages

Machine Learning

Uploaded by

hawariya abel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wolaita Sodo University

School Of Informatics
Department Of Information
Technology (M.Sc.)

Title : Machine Learning


By
Hawariya Abel
ID=PGR/62917/14
What Is Machine Learning?

 Machine Learning is a type/subset of AI, which enables the machine to


automatically learn from data, improve performance from past experiences, and
make predictions. Machine learning work on a huge amount of data.
 Machine learning is an application of AI that enables systems to learn and
improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
 Machine learning contains a set of algorithms that use historical data as input to
predict new output values.

 Machine learning algorithms build a model based on sample data, known


as training data, in order to make predictions or decisions without being
explicitly.
Types of Machine Learning

Machine learning models fall into three primary categories. They are:
Supervised machine learning: This type of machine learning involves
algorithms that train on labeled data.
Both the input and the output of the algorithm is specified.
The main goal of the supervised learning technique is to map the input
variable(x) with the output variable(y).
Unsupervised learning: This type of machine learning involves algorithms
that train on unlabeled data. The main aim of the unsupervised learning
algorithm is to group or categorize the unsorted dataset according to the
similarities, patterns, and differences.
CONTINUED…
Semi-supervised learning: Semi-supervised learning offers a happy medium
between supervised and unsupervised learning. During training, it uses a smaller
labeled data set to guide classification and feature extraction from a larger,
unlabeled data set.
Reinforcement Learning: Reinforcement learning works on a feedback-based
process, in which an AI agent (A software component) automatically explore its
surrounding by hitting & trial, taking action, learning from experiences, and
improving its performance.
-Reinforcement learning works by programming an algorithm with a distinct goal
and a prescribed set of rules for accomplishing that goal
Machine learning Life cycle
Machine Learning Algorithm
• A machine learning algorithm refers to a program code (math or program logic)
that enables professionals to study, analyze, comprehend, and explore large
complex datasets.
• Each algorithm follows a series of instructions to accomplish the objective of
making predictions or categorizing information by learning, establishing, and
discovering patterns embedded in the data.
• Machine learning algorithms specify rules and processes that a system should
consider while addressing a specific problem. These algorithms analyze and
simulate data to predict the result within a predetermined range.
CONTINUED…
Linear regression
Linear regression gives a relationship between input (x) and an output variable (y), also
referred to as independent and dependent variables.
This algorithm is used to predict numerical values, based on a linear relationship
between different values.
has a mathematical representation given by the linear equation y = mx + c, where y
represents the dependent variable, m = slope, x = independent variable, and b = intercept.
The objective of linear regression is to find the best fit line that reveals the relationship
between variables y and x.
Decision trees
With a decision tree, you can visualize the map of potential results for a series of
decisions.
The algorithm generates a tree-like structure that is used for classification problems.
For example, Training data set: Buys computer. Based on given data the resulting
tree will be:
age?

<=30 31..40 >40

student? yes credit rating?

no yes excellent fair

no yes no yes
Naive Bayes algorithm
Naive Bayes refers to a probabilistic machine learning algorithm based
on the Bayesian probability model and is used to address classification
problems.
KNN classification algorithm
KNN is a supervised machine learning algorithm, wherein ‘K’ refers to the number
of neighboring points we consider while classifying and segregating the known n
groups.
Random forest algorithm
 Select random data samples from a given data set.
 Build a decision tree for each data sample and provide the prediction result for each decision tree.
 Carry out voting for each expected result.
 Select the final prediction result based on the highest voted prediction result.
K-Means
K-Means is a distance-based unsupervised machine learning algorithm that
accomplishes clustering tasks. In this algorithm, you classify datasets into clusters (K
clusters) where the data points within one set remain homogenous, and the data
points from two different clusters remain heterogeneous.
Support vector machines (SVMs)
Support vector machine algorithms are used to accomplish both
classification and regression tasks.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
Artificial neural networks are machine learning algorithms that mimic the human
brain (neuronal behavior and connections) to solve complex problems. ANN has
three or more interconnected layers in its computational model that process the
input data.
 input layer
hidden layer
output layer
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
Recurrent neural networks refer to a specific type of ANN that processes sequential
data. Here, the result of the previous step acts as the input to the current step.
Etc.
Applications of Machine Learning across major Industries
Healthcare & Clinical Care
Pharmaceuticals
Farming
Oil & Gas
Banking and Finance
 Etc.

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