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2nd Generation of Microprocessor

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86 views

2nd Generation of Microprocessor

This PowerPoint is about the 2nd Generation of Microprocessor

Uploaded by

evowataheck
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SECOND

GENERATION
OF
MICROPROCESS
OR
2nd Generation of Microprocessor
• The evolution of microprocessors has
been a pivotal force in the
advancement of computing technology,
shaping the capabilities and
performance of computers over
decades. The second generation of
microprocessors, emerging in the mid-
1970s, marked a significant leap from
the pioneering first generation. This
generation saw microprocessors
becoming more powerful, efficient, and
versatile, leading to their widespread
adoption in various applications ranging
from personal computing to industrial
automation.
1st Generation vs 2nd Generation
Features 1st Generation 2nd Generation Improvements

Doubled processing power and complexity


Bit-Width 4-bit 8-bit
handling.

Typically up to 740 Typically up to 2


Clock Speed 2-3 times faster processing speed
kHz MHz

More complex and


Instruction Set Simple and limited Increased functionality and efficiency
versatile

~2,300 (e.g., Intel ~6,000 (e.g., Intel Greater computational capability and
Transistor Count
4004) 8080) functionality.

Memory Typically up to 64
Limited to 4 KB Expanded memory capacity.
Addressing KB

Power Consumption Relatively high Lower Increased energy efficiency.

Basic calculators, Early personal


Application Scope simple control computers, Broader range of applications.
systems embedded systems
Timeline of the 2nd
Generation of
Microprocessors
The second generation of microprocessors,
spanning the mid-1970s, was a critical period in
computing history. This era witnessed the
transition from the rudimentary 4-bit processors
of the first generation to the more capable 8-bit
microprocessors, which became the backbone of
early personal computers and various embedded
systems.
Intel
8080  Event: Intel introduced the 8080
microprocessor, one of the first
and most significant 8-bit
microprocessors.

 Significance: The Intel 8080 was


faster and more powerful than its
predecessor, the 4-bit Intel 4004,
and could address 64 KB of
memory. It became the central
processor for many early personal
computers, most notably the Altair
1974 8800, which is often credited with
sparking the personal computing
revolution.
Motorola
1974
6800  Event: Motorola released the 6800
microprocessor.

 Significance: The 6800 was notable


for its simplicity and ease of use,
which made it a popular choice for
both computers and embedded
systems. It featured an 8-bit data bus
and a 16-bit address bus, allowing it
to access 64 KB of memory.
Zilog Z80
1976
 Event: Zilog, a company founded by
former Intel engineers, introduced the
Z80 microprocessor.

 Significance: The Z80 was a highly


successful microprocessor that became
widely used in various applications,
including the TRS-80 personal
computer, arcade games, and
numerous other systems. The Z80 was
binary-compatible with the Intel 8080
but offered enhanced features, making
it a popular choice for many
developers.
MOS Technology 1976
6502  Event: MOS Technology introduced
the 6502 microprocessor.

 Significance: The 6502 was one of the


cheapest and most influential
microprocessors of its time. It
powered some of the earliest and
most iconic personal computers,
including the Apple I and II, the
Commodore 64, and the Atari 2600
gaming console. The affordability and
performance of the 6502 made it a
critical component in the spread of
home computing.
Intel 8085

 Event: Intel released the 8085


microprocessor.

 Significance: The 8085 was an


enhanced version of the 8080,
designed to be more user-friendly
with a built-in clock generator and
system controller functions. It
maintained backward compatibility
with the 8080 but offered additional
features that simplified the design of
computing systems.

1977
Motorola
6809
 Event: Motorola introduced the 6809
microprocessor.

 Significance: The 6809 was one of the


most advanced 8-bit microprocessors
of its time, featuring powerful
addressing modes and a flexible
instruction set. It was used in
systems such as the TRS-80 Color
Computer and various industrial and
embedded applications.

1977
1978

RCA COSMAC
CDP1802
 Event: RCA released the
CDP1802 microprocessor.

 Significance: The CDP1802


was unique in its design,
offering low power
consumption and radiation
resistance, which made it
suitable for space applications.
It was notably used in the
Voyager spacecraft and other
NASA missions.
CONCLUSION
 The second generation of microprocessors was
essential in building the foundation for modern
computing, enabling the development of more
advanced software, including early operating
systems and programming languages.
 This generation marked the beginning of
microprocessors replacing larger, more expensive
computer systems, driven by intense competition
among companies like Intel, Motorola, and Zilog,
which accelerated technological advancements.
 Overall, the second generation was a crucial step in
computing evolution, introducing greater power,
efficiency, and versatility, and paving the way for
the digital age.

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