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Learningppt 220111075817

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11 views

Learningppt 220111075817

Uploaded by

sumitdasedu07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

DR. GANESH DASS D.A.

V COLLEGE FOR
WOMEN , KARNAL

PRESENTATION ON:
LEARNING

PRESENTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:


MAHIMA DR. SHAILINI DEVGAN
ROLL NO.- 21008
CLASS- B.ED 1ST YEAR
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
• DEFINATION
• NATURE OF LEARNING
• TYPES OF LEARNING
DEFINATION
• GARDNER MURPHY : “The term learning covers modification in
behavior to meet environmental requirements”.

• CROW & CROW: “Learning is acquisition of knowledge, habits and


attitudes . It involves new ways of doing things it operates in an
individual’s attempts to overcome obstacles or to adjust to new
situations. It represents progressive change in behavior .It enables him to
satisfy interests to attain goals”.

• HENRY P.SMITH: “ Learning is the acquisition of new behavior or the


strengthening or weakening of old behavior as a result of experience”.

• WOODWORTH : “Any activity can be called Learning so far as it develops


the individual (in any aspects, good or bad) & makes his behavior &
experiences different from what otherwise would have been”.
 Above learning definitions have 3 important elements:

• 1. Learning is a change in behavior for better or worse.

• 2. It is a change that takes place through practice &


experience.

• 3. Before it can be called learning, the change must be


relatively permanent i.e it must last for a long time.
Exactly how long cannot he specified, but we usually
think of learning lasting for days, months, years in
contrast to temporary behavioral effects.
NATURE OF LEARNING
1. Learning is Universal.
Every creature that lives learns. Man learns most. The human nervous system is very complex,
so are human reactions and so are human acquisition. Positive learning vital for children’s
growth and development.

2. Learning is through Experience.


Learning always involves some kind of experience, direct or indirect (vicarious).

3. Learning is from all Sides.


Today learning is from all sides. Children learn from parents, teachers, environment, nature,
media etc.

4. Learning is Continuous.
It denotes the lifelong nature of learning. Everyday new situations are faced and the individual
has to bring essential changes in his style of behaviour adopted to tackle them. Learning is
birth to death.
5. It results in Change in Behaviour.
It is a change of behaviour influenced by previous behaviour. It is any activity that
leaves a more or less permanent effect on later activity.

6. Learning is an Adjustment.
Learning helps the individual to adjust himself adequately to the new situations.
Most learning in children consists in modifying, adapting, and developing their
original nature. In later life the individuals acquire new forms of behaviour.

7. It comes about as a result of practice.


It is the basis of drill and practice. It has been proven that students learn best and
retain information longer when they have meaningful practice and repetition. Every
time practice occurs, learning continues.

8. Learning is a relatively Permanent Change.


After a rat wake up from his nap he still remembers the path to the food. Even if
you have been on a bicycle for years, in just a few minutes practice you can be quite
proficient again.
9. Learning as Growth and Development.
It is never ending growth and development. At reach
stage the learner acquires new visions of his future
growth and news ideals of achievement in the direction
of his effort. According to Woodworth, “All activity can
be called learning so far as it develops the individual.”

10. Learning is not directly observable.


The only way to study learning is through some
observable behaviour. Actually, we cannot observe
learning; we see only what precedes performance, the
performance itself, and the consequences of
performance.
TYPES OF LEARNING
• MOTOR LEARNING
• VERBAL LEARNING
• CONCEPT LEARNING
• DISCRIMINATION LEARNING
• LEARNING OF PRINCIPLE
• PROBLEM SOLVING
• ATTITUDE LEARNING
1. MOTOR LEARNING
• Most of our activities in
our day-to-days life refer
to motor activities. The
individual has to learn
them in order to maintain
his regular life. for
example walking, running,
skating, driving, climbing,
football, etc. All these
activities involve the
muscular coordination.
2. VERBAL LEARNING
• This type of learning
involves the language we
speak, the
communication devices
we use. Signs, pictures,
symbols, words, figures,
sounds, etc, are the tools
used in such activities. We
use words for
communication.
3. CONCEPT LEARNING
• It is the form of learning which requires higher order
mental processes like thinking, reasoning, intelligence, etc.
we learn different concepts from childhood. Concept
learning involves two processes, viz. abstraction and
generalisation.
4. DISCRIMINATION LEARNING
• Learning to
differentiate between
stimuli and showing
an appropriate
response to these
stimuli is called
discrimination
learning. Example,
sound horns of
different vehicles like
bus, car, ambulance,
etc.
5. LEARNING OF PRINCIPLE
• Individuals learn certain principles related
to science, mathematics, grammar, etc. in
order to manage their work effectively.
These principles always show the
relationship between two or more
concepts. Example: formulae, laws,
associations, correlations, etc.
6. PROBLEM SOLVING
• This is a higher order
learning process. This
learning requires the
use of cognitive abilities-
such as thinking,
reasoning, observation,
imagination,
generalization, etc. This
is very useful to
overcome difficult
problems encountered
by the people.
7. ATTITUDE LEARNING
• Attitude is a predisposition Kind attitude

which determines and directs


our behaviour. We develop
different attitudes from our
childhood about the people,
objects and everything we
Sorrow
know. Our behaviour may be attitude
positive or negative depending
upon our attitudes. Example:
attitudes of nurse towards her
profession, patients, etc.

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