LESSON 3.
2:
CIRCULAR
FUNCTIONS
Pre-Calculus Quarter 2
Madijanon, Jason G., LPT
CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS ON REAL NUMBERS
At the end of the session, 39 out of 39 grade
11-STEM students are expected to:
a. illustrate the different circular
functions; and
b. use reference angles to find the exact
values of circular functions.
IS THE GIVEN TRIANGLE BELOW A RIGHT
TRIANGLE?
A
16
9
C B
12
NO
IS THE GIVEN TRIANGLE BELOW A RIGHT
TRIANGLE?
A
𝟓 √ 𝟏𝟑
10
C B
15
YES
RIGHT TRIANGLES AND THE PYTHAGOREAN
THEOREM
In a right triangle, the sum of the squares
of the legs is equal to the square of the
hypotenuse.
A
c
b
C a B
EXAMPLE 1:
?
8
C B
9
EXAMPLE 1:
8
√ 𝟏𝟒𝟓
C B
9
EXAMPLE 2:
𝟓 √ 𝟒𝟏
?
C B
25
EXAMPLE 2:
𝟓 √ 𝟒𝟏
20
C B
25
EXAMPLE 3:
2
30
C B
?
EXAMPLE 3:
2
30
C B
32
HOW ARE YOU GOING TO SOLVE THIS
PROBLEM?
A
?
6
θ
C B
SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
a. Sinθ = d. Cscθ =
b. Cosθ = e. Secθ =
c. Tanθ = f. Cotθ =
HOW ARE YOU GOING TO SOLVE THIS
PROBLEM?
A Given: Opposite = 6 units
Unknown: Hypotenuse = x
? Sinθ =
6
30° units
C B
RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
a. = d. =
b. = e. =
c. = f. =
RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
a. = d. =
b. = e. =
c. = f. =
CIRCULAR FUCTIONS
PROOF
REFERENCE ANGLE
- smallest angle that the terminal side of an
angle makes with the x-axis.
Condition of the Angle Reference Angle
1 0°≤ θ ≤ 90° θ
2 90° ˂ θ ≤ 180° 180° - θ
3 180° ˂ θ ≤ 270° θ - 180°
4 270° ˂ θ ≤ 360° 360° - θ
REFERENCE ANGLE
Example 1: Find the reference angle of 140°.
Solution:
180º - θ = x
180º - 140° = 40°
Therefore, the reference angle is 40°.
REFERENCE ANGLE
Example 2: Find the reference angle of -420°.
Solution:
-420º + 360º = -60º
-60º + 360º = 300º
360º - θ = x
360º - 300° = 60°
Therefore, the reference angle is 60°.
EXERCISES
A. Solve for the unknown part of the right
triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse c.
1. a = 3, b = 4, c = ?
2. a = 7, b = ?, c = 13
3. a = ?, b = 41, c = 45
4. a = 3, b = 4, c = ?
5. b = x, c = 4, a = ?
EXERCISES
B. Compute for the reference angle of the following:
1. 130°
2. 230°
3. 760°
4. 190°
5. -320°
6. 120°
