Input and Output

MGT 1231_Computer
Applications
Batch 23.2
Ms. Aushadharie Kaushalya
Ms. Rekha Kulasekara
Mr. Sachin Kulandaivel

NSBM Green University - Department of Management 1

Lesson 02
Input and
Output

Computer Applications
Batch 23.2
NSBM Green University, Sri Lanka
 Learning Objectives
• Explain the purpose of a computer keyboard and the types of
keyboards widely used today.
• List several different pointing devices and describe their
functions.
• Describe the purposes of scanners and readers and list some
types of scanners and readers in use today.
• Understand how digital cameras differ from conventional
cameras.
• Explain how audio input is accomplished.
• Describe the characteristics of a display device and explain
some of the technologies used to display images.
• List several types of printers and explain their function.
• Understand which hardware devices are used for audio
output.
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 Keyboards
• Keyboard: An input device containing
keys, arranged in a typewriter
configuration, used to input letters,
numbers, and other symbols
• Can be wired or wireless
• Portable PCs and mobile devices often
use:
• Built -in or slide-out keyboard
• Pen or touch input (on-screen
keyboard)
• Keyboard dock
• Virtual keyboard

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 • Pointing device: An input device
that moves an onscreen pointer
(arrow or insertion point) to allow
the user to select objects on the
Pointing screen
Devices • Common types of pointing devices:
• Mouse
• Electronic pen/ stylus
• Touch screen

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 The Mouse

• Mouse: A pointing device the user

slides along a flat surface to move a
pointer around the screen and clicks
its buttons to make selections
• Older mechanical mice use a ball
• optical or laser mice track
movements with light
• Can be wireless
• 3D Mice

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 The Electronic
Pen / Stylus
• Electronic pen: Device used
to select objects, as well as
to draw or write
electronically on the screen
• Also called tablet pen,
digital pen, stylus
• Pen input is being used for
• Photography, graphic
design, animation
• Industrial design,
document processing
• Issuing commands and
input data

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 Pen-based computers

The Pen input used with mobile

Electronic devices and tablet computers

Pen / Used to input handwritten text

and sketches and to
Stylus manipulate text

If handwriting recognition is
used, written text can be
converted to editable typed
text
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Handwriting
Recognition

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Handwriting
Recognition

• Also used with:

• Digital writing systems
• Graphics tablets
• Signature capture
devices

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 Touch screen: Display device that is
touched with the finger to select
commands or otherwise provide input
to the computer

Touch Used with:

Screens
• Desktop and portable PCs
• Mobile phones and mobile devices
• Interactive whiteboards
• Surface computing
• Multi-touch input from multiple users and
object recognition
• Consumer kiosks and Point-of-Sale systems
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Touch Screens

• Desktop PCS
• Mobile Devices
• Surface Computing
Devices
• Interactive Whiteboards
• Consumer Kiosks

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 Other
Pointing
Devices
• Joysticks, gamepads,
and other gaming
devices
• Trackballs
• Control buttons and
wheels
• Touch pads

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 • Source documents: Documents
containing data that already exists in
Scanners, physical form (order form,
photograph, invoice, check, or price
Readers, label)

and Digital • Source data automation: Capturing

data directly from a source document
Cameras • Saves time
• Increases accuracy

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 • Scanner (optical

Scanners scanner): Input device

that reads printed text
and graphics and
transfers them to a
computer in digital form
• Can scan photos,
documents, drawings,
(flat objects)
• Data is typically input
as a single image
• If optical character
recognition (OCR) is
used, text is input as
editable, typed text
• Types of scanners
• Flatbed
• Portable
• 3D

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 Scanners

• Scanning Quality and resolution:

• Quality of scanned images
indicated by optical resolution
• Measured in number of
dots per inch (dpi)
• Can often be specified
when image is scanned
• Can be changed when
scanned image is edited
• Varies with scanner used
• Higher resolution means better
quality but larger file size

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 Barcode Readers
• Barcode readers: Input devices that read
barcodes
• Barcode: Machine-readable code that represents
data as a set of bars
• Common types
• UPC (Universal Product Code )
• ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
• Code 39
• POSTNET code(Postal Numeric Encoding
Technique)
• High-capacity colour barcode (HCCB)
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Radio Frequency • Radio frequency identification
(RFID): Technology used to
store and transmit data
Identification Readers located in RFID tags
• RFID tag: Contains tiny chips
and radio antennas
• Attached to objects for
identification purposes
• Read by RFID readers
• Tags only need to be
within range of the
reader, rather than in the
line of sight
• Applications
• Tracking inventory and
assets
• Electronic tolls
• Tracking patients in
hospitals
• Ticketing applications
• Security

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 Radio
Frequency
Identificatio
n Readers

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Optical Mark • Optical Mark Readers (OMRs):
Input data from special forms to
Readers (OMRs) score or tally exams,
questionnaires, ballots

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 • Optical Character
Optical Character Recognition (OCR):
• OCR is the ability
Recognition Devices of a computer to
recognize scanned
text characters
and convert them
to electronic form
as text, not
images
• OCR readers can
recognize many
different types of
printed characters
• Used to process
turnaround
documents like
monthly bills

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Magnetic Ink
Character Recognition
(MICR) Readers

• Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)

readers: Read MICR characters
• Used primarily for banking
• MICR readers read the special
magnetic characters and sort/process
cheques

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Biometric
Readers
• Biometric data: Based on unique
physiological characteristics or personal
trait
• Fingerprint
• Hand or face geometry
• Iris of the eye
• Voice
• Biometric readers: Used to input
biometric data
• Can be stand-alone or built into
another piece of hardware
(keyboard, mouse)
• Also being built into computers and
storage devices to allow access only
by authorized individuals
• Most often used for access control
and to verify transactions

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Digital Cameras
• Digital cameras: Record images on digital
storage medium rather than film
• Can either be still cameras or video
cameras
• Typically use flash memory for storage
• Images can be edited, posted to a Web
page, burned to a CD or DVD disc, etc.
• Digital still cameras
• Available in a wide variety of sizes and
capabilities
• Photos can be transferred to a PC or
printer
• Camera quality is measured in
megapixels
• Digital video cameras
• Digital camcorders
• PC video cameras (PC cams, Web cam)

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Digital
Camera
s

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 Audio Input
• Voice input and Speech Recognition Systems
• Audio input
• The process of entering audio data into
the computer
• Voice
• Input spoken words and converting them
to digital from via microphone or headset
• Recorded for narrations, podcasts, etc.
• VoIP (Voice over IP systems) applications
• Provide spoken instructions to computer
when used with speech recognition
systems
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Voice Input Systems

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 Audio
Input
• Music Input Systems
• Used to input music
• Existing music can be
input using CDs or a
Web Download
• For original
compositions,
microphone and
keyboard controller
(piano keyboards) can
be connected to a
computer
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Display Devices
• Display device: Presents output
visually
• Monitor: Display device for a
desktop PC
• Display screen: Screen built into a
variety of devices
• Notebook and other portable
computers
• Mobile phones and mobile
devices
• Handheld gaming devices
• E-books readers, digital photo
frames
• Digital signage systems

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 Display
Devices

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Display Device
Characteristics
• Color vs. monochrome displays
• CRT vs. flat-panel display
• Size
• Screen resolution
• Wired vs. wireless
• 2D vs. 3D
• Digital TV and HDTV capabilities
• Touch screen capabilities
• Video card being used
determines some of the
characteristics (bit depth, video
RAM, connections, etc.)

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 Screen
Resolution

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Flat-Panel
Display
Technologies
• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs): Use
charged liquid crystals between sheets of
glass or plastic
• LED (Light emitting diode): Used in
displays as well as a variety of consumer
products

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 Flat-Panel
Display
Technologies
• Organic Light Emitting
Diode Displays (OLED)
• Use layer of organic
material
• Are thinner than LCD
• Have brighter and
sharper images than
LCDs
• Incorporate into many
digital cameras, mobile
phones and portable
digital media players

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 Data and
Multimedia
Projectors

• Data projector: Display device that projects all computer output to a wall or
projection screen
• Can be wireless or integrated into devices
• FogScreen systems projects on a thin layer of fog
• Hologram projectors used to display 3D images

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Printers

Printer
Printers: Characteristics
Colour vs. black Personal vs.
Produce hard • Printing technology
and white network printers
copy used
• Impact vs.
nonimpact

Possible Multifunction
Print resolution Print speed
connections capabilities

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Printers

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Laser
• Laser printer: Uses toner powder and technology similar to that
of a photocopier to produce images on paper
• The standard for business documents

Printers
• Print one entire page at a time
• Generally faster and have better quality than ink-jet
printers
• Can be black and white or colour
• Common print resolution for laser printers is between 600
and 2,400 dpi
• Use toner cartridges

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 Ink-Jet Printers

• Ink-jet printer: Sprays droplets of ink to

produce images on paper
• Use ink cartridges
• Usually print in colour
• Often the choice for home use
• Print fairly slowly, one line at a
time
• Quality not quite as good as a laser
printer
• Newer printers with full width print
heads are much faster
• Potential applications for the future
• Dispensing liquid metal,
aromas, computer chips and
other circuitry, “printing”
human tissue

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Special-
Purpose
Printers
• Photo printers
• Barcode, label, and
postage printers
• Portable printers
• Plotters and wide-
format ink-jet printers
• 3-D printers

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Audio Output

• Audio output: Output in

the form of voice or music
• – Computer speakers
• – ipod/MP3 docs and
integrated speakers
• – Headphones and
headsets
• – Earphones and ear buds

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Summary
Scanners,
Keyboards Pointing Devices Readers, and
Digital Cameras

Audio Input Display Devices Printers

Audio Output

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