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Lecture 8

lecture in analog module in plc course

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15 views

Lecture 8

lecture in analog module in plc course

Uploaded by

malnaham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLC COURSE

Lecture8

Title of this lecture


PLC Programming
1
PLC Programming
• As PLCs developed and expanded, programming languages have

developed with them.

• The three types of programming languages used in PLCs are:

1. ladder

2. Boolean

3. Grafcet
2
Ladder Diagram Format
• The main functions of a ladder diagram program are

to control outputs and perform functional operations

based on input conditions.

• Ladder diagrams use rungs to accomplish this control.

• A rung consists of a set of input conditions

(represented by contact instructions) and an output

instruction at the end of the rung (represented by a

coil symbol).
3
4
Ladder Diagram Format
• When a ladder diagram
contains a functional
block, contact
instructions are used to
represent the input
conditions that drive (or
enable) the block’s logic. 5
Ladder Instructions
1.Ladder relay 6. Data
2.Timing manipulation
3.Counting 7.Data transfer
4.Program/flow 8.Special function
control (sequencers)
5.Arithmetic 9.Network
communication
6
Relay Ladder Instructions
• Ladder relay instructions are the most basic instructions in the

ladder diagram instruction set.

• These instructions represent the ON/OFF status of connected inputs

and outputs.

• Ladder relay instructions use two types of symbols: contacts and coils.
• Contacts represent the input conditions that must be evaluated in a given rung to

determine the control of the output.

• Coils represent a rung’s outputs


7
8
Examine ON / Normally
Open

9
Examine OFF / Normally
Closed

10
Output Coil

11
Output Coil

12
Not Output Coil

13
Latch and Unlatch
Output Coil
• A latch coil instruction causes an
output to remain energized even if
the status of the contacts that
caused the output to energize
changes.

• The latched output will remain ON


until it is unlatched by an unlatch
output instruction.

• An unlatch coil instruction resets a


latched output with the same
reference address.
14
One-Shot Output
• A one-shot output instruction operates in a manner similar to an
output coil instruction—if the ladder rung has continuity, the one-
shot output will be energized (ON). However, the length of time that
a one-shot output is ON is one scan

15
Transitional Contact

16
Ladder Scan Evaluation
• The processor starts solving a ladder program after it has read the status of all inputs

and stored this information in the input table.

• The solution starts at the top of the ladder program, beginning with the first rung and

proceeding one rung at a time.

• As the processor solves the control program, it examines the reference address of each

programmed instruction, so that it can assess logic continuity for the rung being solved.

• Even if the output conditions in the rung being solved affect previous rungs, the

processor will not return to the previous rung to resolve it. 17


Scan Evaluation

18
Normally Open /
Normally Closed

19
Normally closed stop push button
programmed as normally open

20
Normally open stop push button
programmed as normally closed

21

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