Introduction To Computer

Science / Computer Application

 About Course

⚫Course Code : CSC111/CSC100

⚫Title : Introduction To Computer Science/Computer Applications
⚫Pre-req : None
⚫Credit hours : 3 + 1

Recommended Book: Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton

 About Instructor

⚫Name: Haris Hanif

⚫Email: [email protected]
 Classroom Rules

● No attendance after 15 minutes.

● Use of mobile phone is strictly prohibited.
● Noise/Distribution not allowed.
● Commenting on peers is strictly forbidden.
● No Quiz/Assignment retake.
● No late Submission allowed
What is Computer?
 What is Computer?

Basic Definition:
• A computer is normally considered as calculating machine that
can perform arithmetic operation at a very high speed.

• Computers are electronic devices that is programmed to

• accept data (input),
• (process) that data into useful information,
• produce (output), and then
• (store) for later use.
 What is Computer?
But…

⚫You may already know that you can use a computer to type
documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web.

⚫You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations,

and even videos.

⚫Computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many
different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an
ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a
type of computer.
 Characteristics of Computer
Following are the characteristics of a computer System
Speed
Computer processes data at a very high speed. It is much faster than human beings. A computer
can perform billions of calculations in a second. Computer speed is measured in Mega Hertz
(MHz) or Giga Hertz (GHz).
For example, the process of multiplying 750 and 927 can take one or two minutes if it is performed
by human beings. However, a computer can perform millions of such calculations within a second.
Reliability
Computer is very reliable. The electronic components in modern computer rarely break or fail.
Accuracy
Accuracy means that the computer provides results without any errors. Computer can process
large amounts of data and produce results accurately. The result can be wrong only if the data
given to the computer is not correct
Storage
Computer can store a large amount of data permanently. People can use this data at any time.
The user can store any type of data in the computer. The storage capacity of computer is
increasing rapidly. A computer can store thousands of books easily.
 Characteristics of Computer
Versatility
Computer is a versatile machine. It can perform different types of tasks. That is why it is being
used in every field of life. Computer is used in hospital, bank, and office and at home. A user can
play games, listen to music, watch movies and use the Internet using a computer.
Consistency
Computer works in a consistent way. It does not lose concentration due to heavy work. It does not
become tired or bored, Computer performs all jobs with equal attention.
Communication
Most computers today have the capability of communicating with other computers. We can
connect two or more computers by a communication device such as modem. These computers
can share data, instructions, and information. The connected computers are called network. We
can communicate with other people in the world using network like Internet.
Recalling
A computer can recall the stored data and information as and when required. The data stored in
the computer can be used at a later time. The computer can recall the required data in a few
seconds.
Who is a user?

▪ Someone who communicates /interacts with a computer.

Data & Information
DATA
▪ A collection of raw facts and figures is called data.

▪ It may consist of numbers, characters, symbols

etc.

INFORMATION
▪ Processed data is called information.
▪ It is more meaningful than data.
Data & Information (Cont..)
 Software
Its a collection of computer instructions that tell the computer how to
work.
Application Software
Uses the computer system to perform special functions or
provide entertainment functions beyond the basic operation of the
computer itself.
System Software
It directly operates the Computer Hardware, to provide basic functionality
needed by users and other software, and to provide a platform for
running application software.
COTS VS Custom Built Software?
 Information Technology

▪ Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful.

▪ Information technology is the use of systems (especially computers and

telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending information.
▪ Computer is a very important component of information technology
Mechanical Computers (1600 – 1900)

Pascal
Calculator Abacus

Slide Rule
Electronic computers (1937 - 1953)
 Evolution of Computers
▪ First Generation of Computers (1942 - 54) : Vacuum Tubes
▪ Second Generation Computers (1952 - 1964) : Transistors, Magnetic core,
Fortran ,COBOL
▪ Third Generation Computers (1964 - 1972) : Integrated Circuits, Fortran II
to IV
▪ Fourth Generation Computers (1972 – 1990) : VLSI, C, C++
▪ Fifth Generation (1990 - Present) : Artificial Intelligence+ ULSI
▪ Sixth generation (Future)
Types of Computer
▪ Analog Computers
▪ Digital Computers
Classification of Computers
Classification of Computers

Mainframe Computers Workstation

Super Computers

Server Desktop Laptop Tablet

 Other Types of Computers
Few common examples,
⚫Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including
browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called smartphones.

⚫Wearables: Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices—

including fitness trackers and smartwatches—that are designed to be
worn throughout the day. These devices are often called wearables for
short.

⚫Game consoles: A game console is a specialized type of computer that is

used for
playing video games on your TV.

⚫TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access various types
of online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto
your TV.
 Modern Applications
▪ Computers have been used over the years in following areas:
▪ Business
▪ Education
▪ Entertainment
▪ Banks
▪ Hospitals
▪ Information
▪ Communication
▪ Etc….
 Modern Applications
In almost every second of our lives we are interacting with
computers :
▪ Amazon Alexa
▪ Humanoid R obots(Sophia)
▪ Augmented R eality
▪ Driver less cars + Navigations
▪ Wars (Drone)
Trends in Computer Science

Computer
Science

Research Development
 Trends in Research
▪ Artificial Intelligence (Machine learning, Deep
Learning, Neural Network)
▪ NLP(Processing, Understanding)
▪ Big data Analytics
▪ Cyber Security(Blockchain, digital money)
▪ Bio Informatics
 Trends In Industry/Development
▪ Applied Machine learning(Python)
▪ Data Analytics(Hadoop, Apachee,Hive)
▪ Progressive Web Apps
▪ Mobile app development
▪ Graphics Designing/ Game Development / logo
designing
 Required skills
• Experience with AI
• Designing skills
• Ability To Adapt To New Tech
• Coding And Engineering Experience
• Knowledge
ProgrammingFunctionality And Communication
• Cross-Team