Artificial Intelligence

LIVING IN THE IT ERA - WEEK 13

Learning Objectives:
1.To understand and appreciate the role of AI;
2.To be familiar with AI terminologies; and
3.To compare AI with human intelligence and traditional
information processing and discuss its strengths and
limitations.
IT Trends and Issues: Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science

concerned in making computers behave like humans do.
It was still in the ancient times that they were dreaming to create
intelligent machines that can engage on behaviors that humans
consider intelligent.
It was only in the later years that smart machines is becoming in
reality. Many researchers now are creating systems that mimic
human thought, understand speech, and beat the best human chess
player and countless other feats never before possible.
 Application of AI
• Game playing refers to programming computers to
play games such as chess and checkers. The most
common AI for game playing is chess. IBM had
developed a computer chess player named Deep Blue
which won over the defending world champion Gary
Kasparov in 1997.
• Speech recognition is a technology where computers
recognize human language to perform such task. In
later years, speech recognition reached a practical
level for limited purposes. This technology supposedly
will replace the use of keyboard because you will just
give instructions to the computer. But human went
back to the use of keyboard and mouse because of
convenience in using them.
• Understanding natural language allows computers to
understand natural human languages. Research are still
working in progress in developing systems that converse in
natural language, perceive and respond to their surroundings,
and encode and provide useful access to all human knowledge
and expertise. Natural-language processing offers the greatest
potential rewards because it would allow people to interact with
computers without needing any specialized knowledge. You
could simply walk up to a computer and talk to it. Unfortunately,
programming computers to understand natural languages has
proved to be more difficult than originally thought of.
• Computer vision makes useful decisions about real physical
objects and scenes based on sensed images. This is to make
images and objects as real as it can be. At present, there are
only limited ways of representing three-dimensional
information directly, and they are not as good as what humans
evidently use.
• Expert systems refer to programming computers to
make decisions in real life situations such as helping
doctors diagnose disease based on symptoms. In the
early 1980s, expert systems were believed to represent
the future of artificial intelligence and of computers in
general. To date, however, they have not lived up to the
expectations. Many expert systems help human experts
in such fields as medicine and engineering, but they are
very expensive to produce and are helpful only in special
situations.
• Heuristic classification is one of the most feasible kinds
of expert system given the present knowledge of AI. This
will put some information in one of a fixed set of
categories using several sources of information. An
example is advising whether to accept a proposed credit
card purchase. Information is available about the owner
of the credit card, his record of payment and the item he
is buying and about the establishment from which he is
buying it (e.g., about whether there have been previous
credit card frauds at this establishment).
 AI History
Turing’s Test is a test which analyzes or
examines whether a computer has a
humanlike intelligence. It was proposed by a
British mathematician. The computer is said to
pass the Turing’s test if the panel believes that
the entity possesses humanlike intelligence.
Turing’s test is sometimes referred to as
behavioral tests for the presence of mind, or
thought, or intelligence in putatively minded
entities.
• It was in a 1951 paper that Alan Turing proposed a test called “The Imitation
Game” which he thought would settle the issue of machine intelligence.
• The first version of the game involved no computer intelligence whatsoever.
Imagine three rooms, each connected via computer screen and keyboard. In one
room sits a man, in the second a woman, and in the third sits a person who will
serve as the "judge" who will decide as to which of the two people talking to him
through the computer is the man. The man will attempt to help the judge, offering
whatever evidence he can (the computer terminals are used so that physical
clues cannot be used) to prove his man_x0002_hood. The woman's job is to trick
the judge, so she will attempt to deceive him, and counteract her opponent's
claims, in hopes that the judge will erroneously identify her as the male.
 Later on, Turing proposed a modification of the game. Instead of a man and a
woman as contestants, a human of either gender at one terminal, and/or a computer at
the other terminal will participate.

Now, the judge's responsibility is to decide which of the contestants is human, and
which the machine is. Turing proposed that if, under these conditions, the judge were
less than 50% accurate – that is, if a judge is as likely to pick either human or computer
– then the computer must be a passable simulation of a human being and hence,
intelligent.

The game has recently been modified so that there is only one contestant, and the
judge's job is not to choose between two contestants, but simply to decide whether the
single contestant is human or machine.
 The following are various types of web sites to
choose and search from.
• Perplexity AI – offers unlimited basic searchers and up to 5 Pro searchers per day for free. It
provides quick answers and detailed insights from a wide ranges of sources.
• Consensus offers a free plan that allows users to search through over 200 million research
papers and get AI-generated insights and summaries.
• Quizgecko – allows the user to create and share quizzes easily. It uses AI to generate quiz
questions from any text, making it a great tool for studying and test preparation.
• Gamma AI – offers a free tier that allows users to create and share presentations,
documents, and web pages. It includes AI-powered features for content editing, image search,
and reformatting.
• Edpuzzle– allows users to create interactive video lessons by embedding questions, notes,
and audio into videos.
• Podcastle AI – converts text into high-quality audio, which is great for turning readings into
podcasts that you can listen to on the go.
• Mymap AI – generates mind maps from users notes and ideas, helping the user visualize
and organize their thoughts more effectively.
• Socratic AI – designed by Google to help students with homework by providing
explanations, videos, and step-by-step solutions.
• Fotor – allows the user to create images from text for free.
• FutureMe – is a unique tool that allows users to write letters, reminders or anything else to
their future self. It can be a great way to set goals, reflect on your progress, and capture your
thoughts for future reflection.
The Rise of AI: Advancements and
Adoption

Rapid Progress Widespread Adoption Transformative Potential

Breakthroughs in machine AI is now widely integrated into AI has the power to

learning, natural language everyday technologies, from revolutionize industries,
processing, and computer virtual assistants to enhance decision-making, and
vision have accelerated AI autonomous vehicles. solve complex global
capabilities. challenges.
Machine Learning: Powering
AI Applications
1 Data Acquisition
Collecting and preprocessing large, diverse datasets to
train machine learning models.

2 Model Training
Applying advanced algorithms to enable machines to
learn and improve from experience.

3 Deployment
Integrating trained models into real-world applications to
solve complex problems.
Natural Language Processing:
Improving Human-AI
Interaction
Language Understanding Conversational Abilities
Enabling AI systems to Developing AI chatbots and
comprehend and interpret virtual assistants that can
human language, including engage in natural, intuitive
context and nuance. dialogue.

Multilingual Capabilities Personalized Interactions

Advancing NLP techniques to Tailoring AI responses to
support a diverse range of individual users' needs and
languages and cultural contexts. preferences for a more
personalized experience.
Computer Vision:
Revolutionizing Image and
Video Analysis

Image Recognition Video Analysis

Enabling AI to identify and classify Applying computer vision to
objects, people, and scenes within understand and interpret the content
digital images. and context of video footage.

Augmented Reality Medical Imaging

Integrating computer vision with AR Leveraging computer vision to assist
technology to overlay digital in the analysis and diagnosis of
information on the physical world. medical scans and imagery.
Autonomous Systems: From Vehicles to Robotics

Perception Decision-Making Control

Enabling autonomous systems to Developing robust AI algorithms to Integrating autonomous control
perceive and interpret their make real-time decisions and systems to precisely operate
surroundings through sensors and navigate complex environments. vehicles, robots, and other
computer vision. automated machinery.
Ethical Considerations:
Ensuring Responsible AI
Development
1 Bias and Fairness 2 Privacy and Security
Addressing potential biases in Safeguarding personal data
AI systems to ensure equitable and implementing robust
and unbiased decision-making. security measures for AI-
powered applications.

3 Transparency and 4 Human-AI Interaction

Accountability
Ensuring AI technologies
Developing AI systems with enhance and empower human
clear decision-making capabilities, rather than
processes and mechanisms for replace or displace them.
oversight and responsibility.
AI and the Future of Work: Opportunities
and Disruptions
Automation and Workforce New Job Creation
Augmentation Transformation
AI is also enabling the
AI-powered automation can The integration of AI will require emergence of novel job roles
enhance productivity and free reskilling and upskilling to and industries centered around
up human workers for more adapt to changing job its capabilities.
strategic tasks. requirements.
Data Privacy and Security in
the Age of AI
1 Data Collection
Ensuring transparency and obtaining informed consent for
the collection of personal data.

2 Data Storage
Implementing robust security measures to protect
sensitive data from unauthorized access or breaches.

3 Data Usage
Establishing clear guidelines and policies for the ethical
and responsible use of AI-powered data analysis.
The Road Ahead:
Navigating the AI
Landscape
Continuous Persisting Collaborative
Innovation Challenges Approach

Breakthroughs Issues like bias, Interdisciplinary

in AI will privacy, and collaboration
continue to ethics require between
push the ongoing technologists,
boundaries of attention and policymakers,
what's possible. mitigation. and ethicists is
crucial.