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Core Jawa 111

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Shruti Narware
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14 views24 pages

Core Jawa 111

Uploaded by

Shruti Narware
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

JIWAJI UNIVERSITY
GWALIOR , (M.P)

TOPIC - CORE JAWA

SUBMITTED BY – SHRUTI
NARWARE SUBMITTED TO –
DR . ALPANA
SEMESTER – 5TH SEM SHARMA
ROLL NO – 221124049
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA

CS 331
INTRODUCTION
• Present the syntax of Java
• Introduce the Java API
• Demonstrate how to build
• stand-alone Java programs
• Java applets, which run within browsers e.g. Netscape

• Example programs
WHY JAVA?

• It’s the current “hot” language


• It’s almost entirely object-oriented
• It has a vast library of predefined objects and
operations
• It’s more platform independent
• this makes it great for Web programming
• It’s more secure
• It isn’t C++
APPLETS, SERVLETS AND
APPLICATIONS
• An applet is designed to be embedded in a Web
page, and run by a browser
• Applets run in a sandbox with numerous
restrictions; for example, they can’t read files
and then use the network
• A servlet is designed to be run by a web server
• An application is a conventional program
BUILDING STANDALONE JAVA
PROGRAMS (ON UNIX)
• Prepare the file foo.java using an editor
• Invoke the compiler: javac foo.java
• This creates foo.class
• Run the java interpreter: java foo
JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE
• The .class files generated by the compiler are not executable
binaries
• so Java combines compilation and interpretation
• Instead, they contain “byte-codes” to be executed by the
Java Virtual Machine
• other languages have done this, e.g. UCSD Pascal
• This approach provides platform independence, and greater
security
HELLOWORLD (STANDALONE)
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}

• Note that String is built in


• println is a member function for the System.out class
COMMENTS ARE ALMOST LIKE
C++
• /* This kind of comment can span
multiple lines */
• // This kind is to the end of the line
• /**
* This kind of comment is a special
* ‘javadoc’ style comment
*/
PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES ARE
LIKE C
• Main data types are int, double,
boolean, char
• Also have byte, short, long, float
• boolean has values true and false
• Declarations look like C, for example,
• double x, y;
• int count = 0;
EXPRESSIONS ARE LIKE C

• Assignment statements mostly look like those


in C; you can use =, +=, *= etc.
• Arithmetic uses the familiar + - * / %
• Java also has ++ and --
• Java has boolean operators && || !
• Java has comparisons < <= == != >= >
• Java does not have pointers or pointer
arithmetic
CONTROL STATEMENTS ARE
LIKE C
• if (x < y) smaller = x;
• if (x < y){ smaller=x;sum += x;}
else { smaller = y; sum += y; }
• while (x < y) { y = y - x; }
• do { y = y - x; } while (x < y)
• for (int i = 0; i < max; i++)
sum += i;
• BUT: conditions must be boolean !
CONTROL STATEMENTS II

switch (n + 1) {
case 0: m = n - 1; break;
case 1: m = n + 1;
case 3: m = m * n; break;
default: m = -n; break;
}
• Java also introduces the try statement, about which more
later
JAVA ISN'T C!

• In C, almost everything is in functions


• In Java, almost everything is in classes
• There is often only one class per file
• There must be only one public class per file
• The file name must be the same as the name of that
public class, but with a .java extension
JAVA PROGRAM LAYOUT

• A typical Java file looks like:

import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
public class SomethingOrOther {
// object definitions go here
. . .
}

This must be in a file named SomethingOrOther.java !


WHAT IS A CLASS?

• Early languages had only arrays


• all elements had to be of the same type
• Then languages introduced
structures (called records, or structs)
• allowed different data types to be
grouped
• Then Abstract Data Types (ADTs)
became popular
• grouped operations along with the data
SO, WHAT IS A CLASS?

• A class consists of
• a collection of fields, or variables, very much like the
named fields of a struct
• all the operations (called methods) that can be
performed on those fields
• can be instantiated

• A class describes objects and operations


defined on those objects
NAME CONVENTIONS

• Java is case-sensitive; maxval, maxVal, and MaxVal are three


different names
• Class names begin with a capital letter
• All other names begin with a lowercase letter
• Subsequent words are capitalized: theBigOne
• Underscores are not used in names
• These are very strong conventions!
THE CLASS HIERARCHY

• Classes are arranged in a hierarchy


• The root, or topmost, class is Object
• Every class but Object has at least one superclass
• A class may have subclasses
• Each class inherits all the fields and methods of its (possibly
numerous) superclasses
AN EXAMPLE OF A CLASS

class Person {
String name;
int age;
void birthday ( ) {
age++;
System.out.println (name + ' is
now ' + age);
}
}
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF A
CLASS

class Driver extends Person {


long driversLicenseNumber;
Date expirationDate;
}
CREATING AND USING AN
OBJECT
• Person john;
john = new Person ( );
john.name = "John Smith";
john.age = 37;
• Person mary = new Person ( );
mary.name = "Mary Brown";
mary.age = 33;
mary.birthday ( );
AN ARRAY IS AN OBJECT

• Person mary = new Person ( );


• int myArray[ ] = new int[5];
• or:

• int myArray[ ] = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25};


• String languages [ ] = {"Prolog", "Java"};

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