2 Unit-III

Virtualization
 Virtualisation:
3
Concept
 Virtualization is a technique, which allows
to share a single physical instance of a
resource or an application among multiple
customers and organizations.
 It does by assigning a logical name to a
physical storage and providing a pointer
to that physical resource when
demanded.

 Virtualization in cloud computing allows

you to run multiple applications and OS
on the same server, thereby providing for
 Virtualization
4
Architecture
With the help of Virtualization multiple
operating systems and applications can run
on same Machine and its same hardware at
the same time increasing the utilization and
flexibility of hardware.

The machine on which the virtual

machine is going to be build is known as
Host Machine and that virtual machine
is referred as a Guest Machine.
 Hypervisor
5
 The hypervisor is a firmware or low-level
program that acts as a Virtual Machine
Manager.
 Hypervisor is a form of virtualization software
used in Cloud hosting to divide and allocate
the resources on various pieces of
hardware.The program which provide
partitioning, isolation or abstraction is called
virtualization hypervisor.
 Hypervisor is a hardware virtualization
technique that allows multiple guest operating
systems (OS) to run on a single host system at
the same time. A hypervisor is sometimes also
called a virtual machine manager(VMM).
 Types of
6
Hypervisors
 Type 1 hyper visors run directly on the
system hardware. They are often referred to as
a "native" or "bare metal" or "embedded"
hyper visors in vendor literature. It dose not
require any base server operating system.It has
direct access to hardware resources

 Type 2 hypervisors run on a host operating

system that provides virtualization services,
such as I/O device and memory management.
Basically a software installed on an
operatingThey are often referred to as a “Hosted
Architecture" hyper visors in vendor literature.
 Type-1 Hypervisor
7
Hypervisors
Type 1 and Type 2
 Features of Type-1 and 2
9 Hypervisor
Type-1 Hypervisor:
 provides better performance
 provides greater flexibility
 Servers that run Type 1 hypervisors are often single-
purpose servers that offer no other function.
 Type 1 hypervisors are production hypervisors or
hypervisors that run VMs offering services to users.
 support hardware virtualization.
Type-2 Hypervisor:
 Less efficient
 Less flexible
 offer a series of different services.
 rarely used in production.
 perform software virtualization.
Virtualization
 Types of
11 Virtualization
 Hardware Virtualization
 Software Virtualization

 Memory Virtualization
 Storage Virtualization

 Data Virtualization
 Network Virtualization

 Desktop Virtualization
 Hardware
12
Virtualization
Hardware virtualization also known as
server virtualization runs on the concept
that an individual independent segment of
hardware or a physical server, may be
made up of multiple smaller segments of
hardware or servers, essentially
consolidating multiple physical servers into
virtual servers that run on a single primary
physical server.
 Hardware
1
Virtualization:
Subty
3

pes
Full Virtualization –
• The underlying hardware is fully simulated.
• Guest software does not require any
modifications.
 Para-virtualization –
• The hardware is not simulated instead
the guest software run their own isolated
domains.
 Emulation Virtualization –
• The virtual machine simulates the
hardware and becomes independent of it.
Full virtualization is a common and cost-
effective type of virtualization, which is
basically a method by which computer
service requests are separated from the
physical hardware that facilitates them.
With full virtualization, operating systems
and their hosted software are run on top of
virtual hardware.
It differs from other forms of virtualization
(like paravirtualization and hardware-
assisted virtualization) in its total isolation of
guest operating systems from their hosts.
Full virtualization

Full virtualization is fulfilled by the use of both binary

translation and direct execution.

In full virtualization, the guest OS is completely

isolated by the virtual machine from the
virtualization layer and hardware.

Microsoft and Parallels systems are examples of full

virtualization..
Fig.
Para-virtualization

Paravirtualization is the category of CPU virtualization which

uses hypercalls for operations to handle instructions at
compile time.

In paravirtualization, guest OS is not completely isolated but

it is partially isolated by the virtual machine from the
virtualization layer and hardware.

VMware and Xen are some examples of paravirtualization..

Fig.
 Hardware
14
Virtualization:
Subtypes

Full Para Emulatio

Virtualization Virtualization n
 Software
15
Virtualization
• Software Virtualization involves
the creation and operation of
multiple virtual environments on
the host machine.
• It is used to enable a complete
computer system in order to allow
the guest operating system to run.
• For instance, letting LINUX OS to
run as a guest that is natively
using a Microsoft Windows OS.
 Software
16
Virtualization :Subtypes
 Operating System Virtualization –
hosting multiple OS on
the native OS
 Application Virtualization –
hosting individual
applications in a virtual environment
separate from the native OS
 Service Virtualization –
hosting specific
services related to a particular
 Memory
1
7 Virtualization
•P hy s i c a l m e m o r y a c ro s s d i ff e re n t s e r ve r s i s
aggregated into a single virtualized memory pool.
•It provides the benefit of an enlarged contiguous
working memory.
•For instance, as some OS suc h as Microsoft Windows
OS allows a portion of your storage disk to serve as an
extension of your RAM.
 Memory Virtualization:
18
Subtypes
 Application-level control – Applications access
the memory pool directly.

 Operating system level control – Access to

the memory pool is provided through an
operating system.
 Storage
Virtualization
•19

•Multiple physical storage devices are

grouped together, which then appear
as a single storage device.

•This provides various advantages

such as homogenization of storage
across storage devices of multiple
capacity and speeds, reduced downtime,
load balancing and be tte r
o ptim izatio n o f performance and
speed.
Storage Virtualization:
Subtypes 20

1. Block
Virtualization –
Virtualisation on
block level means
that storage
capacity is made
available to the
operating system
or the
applications in
the form of virtual
Storage Virtualization:
Subtypes
2. File
Virtualization

Virtualisation on file
level means that the
virtualisation entity
provides virtual
storage to the
operating systems or
applications in the
form of files and
directories
 Data Virtualization
21

•It lets us to easily

manipulate data,
as the data is
presented as a n
a b stract l ayer
co m pl etel y
independent of
data structure
and database
systems.
•Decreases data
input and formatting
 Network
Virtualization
22

 In network virtualization, multiple sub-

networks can be created on the same
physical network, which may or may not
is authorized to communicate with each
other.
 This enables restriction of file
movement across networks and
enhances security, and
allows better monitoring and
identification of data usage.
 It also increases reliability as a
disruption in one network doesn’t affect
 Network
23
Virtualization :Subtypes
Internal network:
Enables a single
system to function
like a network

External
network:
Consolidation of
multiple
networks into a
single one, or
 Desktop
•24
Virtualization
•This is perh a p s t h e m o s t c o m m
o n f o r m o f virtualization for any
regular IT employee.
•The user’s desktop is stored on a remote
server, allowing the user to access his
desktop from any device or location.
•Employees can work conveniently from
the comfort of their home. Since the data
transfer takes place over secure
protocols, any risk of data theft is
minimized.
 Types of
2
Virtualization:
Glan At a
5

ce
 Benefits of Virtualization
26

 Easily outsource your hardware and eliminate

any energy costs associated with its operation.
 the efficiency, security and cost advantages.
 Run operating systems where the
physical hardware is unavailable.
 Easier to create new machines, backup
machines, etc.
 Software testing using “clean” installs of
operating systems and software
 Emulate more machines than are physically
available.
 Timeshare lightly loaded systems on one host.