DCIT 26 –

Application Development and

Emerging Technologies

C E I T
Chapter 1

Introduction to
Application
Development

C E I T
 Application Development

 refers
to the process of creating software
applications that perform specific functions for
users or other applications.

 Thisfield encompasses a wide range of activities,

from initial planning and design to coding, testing,
and deployment.
Key concepts and stages involved
in application development:
 1. Understanding Requirements
◦ Gathering User Requirements
◦ Defining Functional Requirements
 2. Planning and Design
◦ Project Planning
◦ System Architecture Design
◦ User Interface (UI) Design:
 3. Development
◦ Coding
◦ Version Control
Key concepts and stages involved
in application development:
 4. Testing
◦ Unit Testing
◦ Integration Testing:
◦ User Acceptance Testing (UAT):
 5. Deployment
◦ Release Management:
◦ Deployment:
Key concepts and stages involved
in application development:
 6. Maintenance and Support
◦ Monitoring
◦ Updates and Bug Fixes
 7. Emerging Trends
◦ Agile Development
◦ DevOps
◦ Low-Code/No-Code Development
 Types of Application Development:
 1. Web Application Development
-Creating applications that run in web browsers. These
applications can be accessed from any device with
internet connectivity.
 2. Mobile Application Development
-Developing applications specifically for mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablets.
 3. Desktop Application Development
-Creating software applications that run on desktop
operating systems like Windows, macOS, or Linux.
 Types of Application Development:
 4. Game Development
-Designing and creating video games for various
platforms, including consoles, PCs, and mobile devices.
 5. Enterprise Application Development
-Building large-scale applications designed to meet
the needs of an organization, often integrating with
existing systems.
 6. Cloud Application Development
-Developing applications that run on cloud infrastructure,
providing scalability and remote access.
 Types of Application Development:
 7. Embedded Application Development
-Creating applications that run on embedded systems,
such as IoT devices, appliances, and automotive systems.
 8. API Development
-Building application programming interfaces (APIs)
that allow different software applications to
communicate with each other.
 Types of Application Development:
 9. Blockchain Application Development
-Developing decentralized applications (dApps) that
utilize blockchain technology for secure transactions
and data integrity.
 10. (AR) and (VR) Development
-Creating immersive applications that enhance or
simulate real-world environments.
 App Development Methodologies:
 1. Waterfall Model
Description: A linear and sequential approach where
each phase must be completed before the next begins.
Phases: Requirements, Design, Implementation,
Verification, Maintenance.
 2. Agile Development
Description: An iterative and incremental approach that
emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer
feedback.
Key Frameworks: Scrum, Kanban,
Extreme Programming (XP).
 App Development Methodologies:
 3. Scrum
Description: A specific Agile framework that organizes
work into time-boxed iterations called sprints, typically
lasting 2-4 weeks.
Roles: Scrum Master, Product Owner, Devt Team.
 4. Kanban
Description: A visual approach to managing work,
emphasizing continuous delivery and limiting work in
progress (WIP).
Key Elements: Kanban board, WIP limits,
continuous flow.
 App Development Methodologies:
 5. Extreme Programming (XP)
Description: An Agile methodology focused on improving
software quality and responsiveness to changing
requirements through frequent releases.
Practices: Pair programming, test-driven development
(TDD), continuous integration.
 6. Lean Software Development
Description: An approach, focusing on eliminating
waste and maximizing value.
Key Principles: Optimize the whole, eliminate waste,
 build quality in, and deliver fast.
 App Development Methodologies:
 7. DevOps
Description: A methodology that combines development
(Dev) and operations (Ops) to improve collaboration,
automation, and integration.
Key Practices: Continuous integration, continuous
delivery (CI/CD), infrastructure as code.
 8. Feature-Driven Development (FDD)
Description: Focuses on delivering tangible, working
software features in short iterations.
Key Components: Develop overall model, build a feature
list, plan by feature, design by feature, build by feature.
 App Development Methodologies:
 9. Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Description: Emphasizes quick development and
iteration of prototypes over rigorous planning and testing.
Key Components: User feedback, iterative
development, and prototyping.
 10. Spiral Model
Description: A risk-driven approach that combines
iterative development with the systematic aspects
of the Waterfall model.
Phases: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering, Evaluation.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 1. Programming Languages
 JavaScript: Widely used for web development (front-end
and back-end with Node.js).
 Python: Popular for web applications, data analysis, and

machine learning.
 Java: Commonly used for enterprise applications and

Android development.
 C#: Used for Windows applications and game development

with Unity.
 Swift: Primary language for iOS application development.
 Kotlin: Official language for Android development.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 2. Frameworks
 Web Development:
◦ React: A JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
◦ Angular: A framework for building single-page
applications (SPAs).
◦ Vue.js: A progressive JavaScript framework for building
UIs.
 Back-End Development:

◦ Node.js: JavaScript runtime for building server-side

applications.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
◦ Django: A Python framework for building web
applications quickly.
◦ Ruby on Rails: A web application framework written in
Ruby.
 Mobile Development:

◦ Flutter: A UI toolkit for building natively compiled

applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single
codebase.
◦ React Native: A framework for building mobile apps
using React.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 3. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
 Visual Studio: A powerful IDE for .NET and C#
development.
 Eclipse: Commonly used for Java development.
 PyCharm: An IDE specifically for Python development.
 Xcode: The official IDE for iOS and macOS development.
 Android Studio: The official IDE for Android development.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 4. Version Control Systems
 Git: A distributed version control system widely used in
software development.
 GitHub: A platform for hosting Git repositories and

collaborating on projects.
 GitLab: A web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a

Git repository manager.

 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 5. Database Management Systems
 SQL Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL
Server.
 NoSQL Databases: MongoDB, Cassandra, Firebase.
 ORM Tools: Hibernate (Java), Entity Framework (C#),

Sequelize (Node.js).
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 6. Testing Tools
 JUnit: A testing framework for Java applications.
 Selenium: A tool for automating web browsers for testing.
 Jest: A JavaScript testing framework used with React

applications.
 Postman: A tool for testing APIs.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 7. Deployment and Continuous
Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
Tools
 Docker: A platform for developing, shipping, and running
applications in containers.
 Kubernetes: An orchestration tool for managing

containerized applications.
 Jenkins: An open-source automation server for CI/CD.
 CircleCI: A cloud-based CI/CD tool.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 8. Cloud Platforms
 Amazon Web Services (AWS): A comprehensive cloud
platform offering computing power, storage, and other
services.
 Microsoft Azure: A cloud computing service for building,

testing, and managing applications.

 Google Cloud Platform (GCP): A suite of cloud computing

services that runs on the same infrastructure as Google’s

end-user products.
 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 9. API Development Tools
 Swagger/OpenAPI: Tools for designing and documenting
APIs.
 Postman: Also used for API testing and development.
 GraphQL: A query language for APIs that allows clients to

request only the data they need.

 App Dev Tools and Technologies
 10. Collaboration and Project Management
Tools
 Jira: A tool for agile project management and issue
tracking.
 Trello: A visual collaboration tool for organizing tasks and

projects.
 Slack: A messaging platform for team communication.