PSYCHOLOGY
The word psychology basically came
from the two Greek words PSYCHE which
means soul or mind and LOGOS which
means to study, therefore, literally
psychology means the study of the
“soul” and “mind”.
Psychology is defined as the scientific
study of behavior and mental processes
(Santrock,2000).
Three important aspect:
• Science
• Behavior
• Mental processes
The History of Psychology is the history of
thought about consciousness and conduct.
It has its roots in ancient Greek Philosophy,
such as epistemology,(the philosophy of
knowing), metaphysics, religion and
oriental philosophy.
Two concept of psychology
1.Phenomenological (experiential)
2.Mechanistic (physiological)
At the end of the 19th century, British and German
tradition were phenomenological while Freud and
American tradition were mechanistic.
The philosopher-physician
William Wundt joined the
field of philosophy and
natural science to create
the academic discipline
of psychology. Is credited Wilhelm Wundt (born August 16, 1832,
with developing the first Neckarau, near Mannheim, Baden [Germany]—
died August 31, 1920, Grossbothen, Germany)
scientific laboratory in was a German physiologist and psychologist
who is generally acknowledged as the founder
psychology. of experimental psychology. Wundt earned a
medical degree at the University of Heidelberg
in 1856.
INSPECTION METHOD. Psychologists obtain
data from the subject or participant’s feelings
and experiences. Data are then analyzed and
interpreted.
OBSERVATION METHOD. This is both visual and
oral. Psychologists applying this method examine
the subject in laboratory, classroom or
institution. He records his observations and
later analyzes them.
EXPEREMINTAL METHOD. This is testing a
Theory by accurate trial of controlled situation;
psychological experiment rechecked how
certain belief is.
SURVEY METHOD. This method utilizes questionnaire
to obtain data from a large group of sample.
Interview is also applied in this method when
sources or respondents are not large.
EMPIRICAL METHOD. This is obtaining data by way
of direct or indirect experience. Recorded data is
analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively.
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY. This concerns the basic
principle of human behavior. It attempts to explain
the why and how people behave in a way under
certain situation.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY. This is also called counseling-
psychology. It deals with a scientific solution to a
psychological problem. This particular branch also
include control and prevent of some problems by a
process called psychotherapy or counceling.
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY. It is called abnormal
because it primarily deals with abnormalities.
It includes determining of the person who has
abnormalities so that practitioners of this branch
are usually found in the Human Resource Department.
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY. This focuses on
psychological stimuli in human being. It is about the
ability in acquiring linguistic skills, person’s state of
mind. It works on how children get cue from the
stimuli.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY. It basically deals with
capability to solve problem, which also includes
process like thinking, analyzing, memorizing and
many more.
LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY. Like the clinical and cognitive
psychology, legal psychology deals with handing
psychological issues. It only differs on the legal point
of view. Legal psychologists assist investigator to a
analyze testimonies of witnesses and victims.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY. This is the branch of
psychology taught in colleges. It deals with usual
student problems like learning disorders,
sex education,problems on adolescence
particularly shyness and many more.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.Development as the
word suggests this branch of psychology deals with
primarily with human growth and changes. Early
childhood development and later changes in human
are concern of this branch.
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY. This branch deals
with personality as determined using the
subject’s I.Q psychologist applies I.Q test to
gauge understanding. This is commonly used
in interviews to test a performance.
