JAWAHAR NAVODAYA

VIDHYALAYA
AGAR MALWA

TOPIC:- DATA HANDLING

Submitted by:- VIJAYPAL SINGH

Submitted to:- Miss. SHIVAANI
ARORA
 Data type

 • Data can be of any type like- character, integer, real, string.

 • Anything enclosed in “ “ is considered as string in Python.
 • Any whole value is an integer value.
 • Any value with fraction part is a real value.
 • True or False value specifies boolean value.
 • Python supports following core data types-
 I. Numbers (int like10, 5) (float like 3.5, 302.24) (complex like 3+5i)
 II. String (like “pankaj”, ‘pankaj’, ‘a’, “a” )
 III. List like [3,4,5,”pankaj”] its elements are Mutable.
 IV. Tuple like(3,4,5,”pankaj”) its elements are immutable.
 V. Dictionary like {‘a’:1, ‘e’:2, ‘I’:3, ‘o’:4, ‘u’:5} where a,e,i,o,u are keys
 and 1,2,3,4,5 are their values
 Mutable and immutable
• In Python, Data Objects are categorized in two types-
• Mutable (Changeable)
• Immutable (Non-Changeable)
Look at following statements carefully-
p = 10
q = p they will represent 10, 10, 10
r = 10
Now, try to change the values-
p = 17
r = 7 did the values actually change?
q =9
Answer is NO.
Because here values are objects and p, q, r are their reference name.
To understand it, lets see the next slide.
 Following data types comes under mutable and immutable types-
 • Mutable (Changeable)
 – lists, dictionaries and sets.
 • Immutable (Non-Changeable)
 – integers, floats, Booleans, strings and tuples
 Operators
 • The symbols that shows a special behavior or
 action when applied to operands are called
 operators. For ex- + , - , > , < etc.
 • Python supports following operators-
 I. Arithmetic Operator
 II. Relation Operator
 III. Identity Operators
 IV. Logical Operators
 V. Bitwise Operators
 VI. Membership Operators
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS

 • Python has following binary arithmetic operator -

 • For addition + for ex- 2+3 will result in to 5
 • For subtraction – for ex- 2-3 will result in to -1
 • For multiplication * for ex- 2*3 will result in to 6
 • For division / its result comes in fraction.
 for ex- 13/2 will result in to 6.5
 • For quotient // its result comes as a whole number
 for ex- 13/2 will result into 6.
 • For remnant % its result comes as a whole remnant
 number.For ex-13/2will result into 1.
 • For exponent ** it will come as per exponent value.
 For ex- 23 will result into 8
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

Python has following assignment operator and shorthand -

 • = a=10 , 10 will be assigned to a.
 • += a+=5 is equal to a=a+5.
 • -= a-=5 is equal to a=a-5.
 • *= a*=5 is equal to a=a*5.
 • /= a/=5 is equal to a=a/5.
 • //= a//=5 is equal to a=a//5.
 • %= a%=5 is equal to a=a%5.
 • **= a**=5 is equal to a=a**5.
RELATIONAL OPERATORS

• Python uses Relational operators to check for equality.

 These results into true or false. Relational Operator are of
 following types-
 • < Less Than like a<b
 • > Greater Than like a>b
 • <= Less Than and Equal to like a<=b
 • >= Greater Than and Equal to like a>=b
 • == Equal to like a==b
 • != not Equal to like a!=b
IDENTITY OPERATORS

 Identity operator is also used to check for equality. These

 expression also results into True or False. Identity Operators
 are of following types-
 • “is” operator if a=5 and b=5 then a is b will come
 to True
 • “is not” operator if a=5 and b=5 then a is not b will
 come to False
 • Relational Operator ( == ) and Identity operator (is) differs
 in case of strings that we will see later
LOGICAL OPERATORS

• Python has two binary logical operators -

 • or operator
 » if a = True and b = False then a or b will return
 True.
 • and operator
 » If a = True and b = False then a and b will return
 False.
 • Python has one Unary logical operator –
 • not operator
 • if a = True then not a will return
 False.
OPERATOR ASSOCIATIVITY

• In Python, if an expression or statement consists

 of multiple or more than one operator then
 operator associativity will be followed from left-to-
 right.
 • In above given expression, first 7*8 will be calculated as 56, then 56
 will be divided by 5 and will result into 11.2, then 11.2 again divided by
 2 and will result into 5.0.
 *Only in case of **, associativity will be followed from
 right-to-left.
 Above given example will be calculated as 3**(3**2).
EXPRESSION
• Python has following types of expression -
 • Arithmetic Expressions like a+b, 5-4 etc.
 • Relational Expressions like a>b, a==b etc.
 • Logical Expressions like a>b and a>c , a or b etc.
 • String Expressions like “Pankaj” + “Kumar” etc
TYPE CASTING
 • As we know, in Python, an expression may be consists of
 mixed datatypes. In such cases, python changes data types
 of operands internally. This process of internal data type
 conversion is called implicit type conversion.
 • One other option is explicit type conversion which is like-
 <datatype> (identifier)
 For ex- a=“4”
 b=int(a)
 Another ex-
 If a=5 and b=10.5 then we can convert a to float.
 Like d=float(a)
 In python, following are the data conversion functions-
 (1) int ( ) (2) float( ) (3) complex( ) (4) str( ) (5) bool( )