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Floyd's Algorithm

Floyd's Algorithm, or Floyd-Warshall Algorithm, is a dynamic programming method for finding the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in a weighted graph, accommodating both directed and undirected graphs with negative weight edges but not negative weight cycles. It has a time complexity of O(V^3) and is simpler to implement than Dijkstra’s Algorithm for dense graphs, although it is less efficient for sparse graphs. Applications include network routing, aviation connectivity, and GIS spatial data analysis.

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29 views15 pages

Floyd's Algorithm

Floyd's Algorithm, or Floyd-Warshall Algorithm, is a dynamic programming method for finding the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in a weighted graph, accommodating both directed and undirected graphs with negative weight edges but not negative weight cycles. It has a time complexity of O(V^3) and is simpler to implement than Dijkstra’s Algorithm for dense graphs, although it is less efficient for sparse graphs. Applications include network routing, aviation connectivity, and GIS spatial data analysis.

Uploaded by

Ms. Pavithra D
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FLOYD’S ALGORITHM

WHAT IS DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING?

To find a complicated problem by breaking


down into simple sub-problem in recursive
manner.
 Sequence of decision is taken at each steps.
 FLOYD’S ALGORITHM
Floyd’s algorithm, also known as Floyd-Warshall Algorithm, is a
graph algorithm used for finding the shortest paths between all
pairs of vertices in a weighted graph.
It works for both directed and undirected graphs and can handle
negative weight edges, but not negative weight cycles(where the sum
of the edges in a cycle is negative).
The Floyd-Warshall algorithm follows a dynamic programming
approach to progressively improve the shortest path estimates
between all pairs of vertices.
NEGATVE CYCLE
 FLOYD’S ALGORITHM
 All pair shortest path problem.
 Weighted Graph with both positive and negative
costs.
 Dijikstra’s algorithm uses only positive costs.
TRY IT YOUESELF
PSEUDOCODE
for k ← 1 to n do
for i ← 1 to n do
for j ← 1 to n do
D[i, j ] ← min{D[i, j ], D[i, k] + D[k, j ]}

return D
TIME AND SPACE complexity
TIME COMPLEXITY : O(V3)

SPACE COMPLEXITY : O(V2)


ADVANTAGE
✔️Handles negative weight edges (but not negative cycles).

✔️Simpler to implement compared to Dijkstra’s Algorithm for all-pairs shortest


paths.

✔️Works well for dense graphs (where the number of edges is close to V²).
DISADVANTAGES
❌ Does not work with negative weight cycles (it will keep reducing
distances indefinitely).

❌ Less efficient than Dijkstra’s Algorithm for sparse graphs.


APPLICATION
In computer networking, the algorithm can be used to find the shortest path between all pairs of
nodes in a network. This is termed as network routing.

Flight Connectivity In the aviation industry to find the shortest path between the airports.

GIS(Geographic Information Systems) applications often involve analyzing spatial data, such as
road networks, to find the shortest paths between locations.
Why Floyd-Warshall Algorithm better for Dense
Graphs and not for Sparse Graphs?

Dense Graph: A graph in which the number of edges are


significantly much higher than the number of vertices.

Sparse Graph: A graph in which the number of edges are


very much low.
How is Floyd-warshall
algorithm different from Dijkstra’s algorithm?

Dijkstra’s algorithm is a single-source shortest path algorithm used to find


the shortest paths from a single source vertex to all other vertices in a
weighted graph.
Greedy approach,as it selects the vertex with the shortest distance

The Floyd-Warshall algorithm is an all-pairs shortest path algorithm used to find


the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in a weighted graph.
It uses Dynamic programming, to compute all pair shortest paths.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLOYD AND
WARSHALL ALGORITHM

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