Slides for Chapter 8:

Distributed Objects and Components

From Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair

Distributed Systems:
Concepts and Design
Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012
Figure 8.1
Distributed objects

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
2
Figure 8.2
IDL interfaces Shape and ShapeList

struct Rectangle{ 1 struct GraphicalObject { 2

long width; string type;
long height; Rectangle enclosing;
long x; boolean isFilled;
long y; };
};

interface Shape { 3
long getVersion() ;
GraphicalObject getAllState() ; // returns state of the GraphicalObject
};

typedef sequence <Shape, 100> All; 4

interface ShapeList { 5
exception FullException{ }; 6
Shape newShape(in GraphicalObject g) raises (FullException); 7
All allShapes(); // returns sequence of remote object references 8
long getVersion() ;
};

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.3
IDL module Whiteboard

module Whiteboard {
struct Rectangle{
...} ;
struct GraphicalObject {
...};
interface Shape {
...};
typedef sequence <Shape, 100> All;
interface ShapeList {
...};
};

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.4
IDL constructed types – 1

Type Examples Use

sequence typedef sequence <Shape, 100> All; Defines a type for a variable-length
typedef sequence <Shape> All sequence of elements of a specified
bounded and unbounded sequences IDL type. An upper bound on the
of Shapes length may be specified.

string String name; Defines a sequences of characters,

typedef string<8> SmallString; terminated by the null character. An
unbounded and bounded upper bound on the length may be
sequences of characters specified.

array typedef octet uniqueId[12]; Defines a type for a multi-dimensional

typedef GraphicalObject GO[10][8] fixed-length sequence of elements of a
specified IDL type.
this figure continues on the next slide

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.4
IDL constructed types – 2

Type Examples Use

record struct GraphicalObject { Defines a type for a record containing a
string type; group of related entities. Structs are
Rectangle enclosing; passed by value in arguments and
boolean isFilled; results.
};

enumerated enum Rand The enumerated type in IDL maps a

(Exp, Number, Name); type name onto a small set of integer
values.
union union Exp switch (Rand) { The IDL discriminated union allows
case Exp: string vote; one of a given set of types to be passed
case Number: long n; as an argument. The header is
case Name: string s; parameterized by an enum, which
}; specifies which member is in use.

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.5
The main components of the CORBA architecture

client server
implementation interface
repository repository object skeleton
adapter

client proxy Request ORB Servant

ORB
program for A core core A
Reply

or dynamic invocation or dynamic skeleton

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.6
CORBA Services (1)

this figure continues on the next slide

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
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Figure 8.6
CORBA Services (continued)

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
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Figure 8.7
Java interfaces generated by idlj from CORBA interface ShapeList

public interface ShapeListOperations {

Shape newShape(GraphicalObject g) throws ShapeListPackage.FullException;
Shape[] allShapes();
int getVersion();
}

public interface ShapeList extends ShapeListOperations, org.omg.CORBA.Object,

org.omg.CORBA.portable.IDLEntity { }

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.8
ShapeListServant class of the Java server program for CORBA interface ShapeList

import org.omg.CORBA.*;
import org.omg.PortableServer.POA;
class ShapeListServant extends ShapeListPOA {
private POA theRootpoa;
private Shape theList[];
private int version;
private static int n=0;
public ShapeListServant(POA rootpoa){
theRootpoa = rootpoa;
// initialize the other instance variables
}
// continued on the next slide

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.8 continued

public Shape newShape(GraphicalObject g)

throws ShapeListPackage.FullException { 1
version++;
Shape s = null;
ShapeServant shapeRef = new ShapeServant( g, version);
try {
org.omg.CORBA.Object ref =
theRoopoa.servant_to_reference(shapeRef); 2
s = ShapeHelper.narrow(ref);
} catch (Exception e) {}
if(n >=100) throw new ShapeListPackage.FullException();
theList[n++] = s;
return s;
}
public Shape[] allShapes(){ ... }
public int getVersion() { ... }
}

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.9
Java class ShapeListServer

import org.omg.CosNaming.*; import org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage.*;

import org.omg.CORBA.*; import org.omg.PortableServer.*;
public class ShapeListServer {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
ORB orb = ORB.init(args, null); 1
POA rootpoa = POAHelper.narrow(orb.resolve_initial_references("RootPOA"));2
rootpoa.the_POAManager().activate(); 3
ShapeListServant SLSRef = new ShapeListServant(rootpoa); 4
org.omg.CORBA.Object ref = rootpoa.servant_to_reference(SLSRef); 5
ShapeList SLRef = ShapeListHelper.narrow(ref);
org.omg.CORBA.Object objRef =orb.resolve_initial_references("NameService");
NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(objRef); 6
NameComponent nc = new NameComponent("ShapeList", ""); 7
NameComponent path[] = {nc}; 8
ncRef.rebind(path, SLRef); 9
orb.run(); 10
} catch (Exception e) { ... }
}}

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.10
Java client program for CORBA interfaces Shape and ShapeList

import org.omg.CosNaming.*;
import org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage.*;
import org.omg.CORBA.*;
public class ShapeListClient{
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
ORB orb = ORB.init(args, null); 1
org.omg.CORBA.Object objRef =
orb.resolve_initial_references("NameService");
NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(objRef);
NameComponent nc = new NameComponent("ShapeList", "");
NameComponent path [] = { nc };
ShapeList shapeListRef =
ShapeListHelper.narrow(ncRef.resolve(path)); 2
Shape[] sList = shapeListRef.allShapes(); 3
GraphicalObject g = sList[0].getAllState(); 4
} catch(org.omg.CORBA.SystemException e) {...}
}
Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
Figure 8.11
An example software architecture

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
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Figure 8.12
The structure of a container

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Figure 8.13
Application servers

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Figure 8.14
Transaction attributes in EJB.

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Figure 8.15
Invocation contexts in EJB

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Figure 8.16
An example component configuration in Fractal

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
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Figure 8.17
The structure of a Fractal component

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Figure 8.18
Component and ContentController Interfaces in Fractal

Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
© Pearson Education 2012
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