Conventional Cryptography

Tutorial
Using Simplified DES
Chen Fuh-Gwo
2004/03/01
 Why S-DES?
• DES is a complex algorithm for conventional
encryption, it encode the plaintext to ciphertext
with a secret key.
• It is used as realistic, and too difficult to educate
the student well know the DES basics. A lot data
to be fed into the algorithm, hand writing is
impossible!
• Thus, simplified DES is developed with Edward
Schaefer, professor at Santa Clara University.
It’s a good teaching tool for student to realize the
operations of DES.
 Conventional Cryptography
Algorithm
• Five ingredients,
– Plaintext
– Secret Key
– Encryption algorithm
– Ciphertext
– decryption algorithm
• All operations of encryption and decryption are
based on two basic kinds of manipulations on
the data.
– Permutation
– Substitution
 Permutation This animation shows how
the bits will be arranged from
the permutation pattern.

Bit Number #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Data bit 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

Permutation IP
2 6 3 1 4 8 5 7
Pattern
 Permutation

• Permutation is to rearrange the locations of the

bits of data according to the permutation pattern.
Permutation is also referred as transpotion.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
 This animation shows how the
Substitution substitution process will be done.

0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0
Substitution Box 1 0 0 0 0 0
(Known as S-Box)
1 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 1
After the operation,
the data “0100” is 1 1 0 1 1 1
substituted with 1 1 1 0 1 1
“11”. 1 1 1 1 1 0
 S-DES Flow Diagram
Encryption 10 bits Key Decryption

Plaintext P10 Plaintext

LS-1
IP IP-1
P8
K1 K1
fk fk

LS-2
SW SW
P8
K2 K2
fk fk

IP-1 IP

Ciphertext Ciphertext
 Encryption Phase IP of S-DES
Encryption
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

00101011 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1

IP IP
2 6 3 1 4 8 5 7
Subkey 1:
00101111
fk

SW
Subkey 2:
11101010
fk

IP-1

Ciphertext
 Encryption Phase fk of S-DES
Encryption

E/P
4 1 2 3 2 3 4 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Subkey 1:
00101111
fk XOR

S0 S1
SW
Subkey 2:
11101010 P4
fk 2 4 3 1

XOR
IP -1

Ciphertext
 Encryption Phase fk of S-DES
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Encryption

E/P
4 1 2 3 2 3 4 1

Subkey 1:
00101111
fk XOR

S0 S1
SW
Subkey 2:
11101010 P4
fk 2 4 3 1

XOR
IP -1

Ciphertext
 Encryption Phase fk of S-DES
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Encryption
0 1 1 1
E/P
4 1 2 3 2 3 4 1

Subkey 1:
00101111
fk XOR

S0 S1
SW
Subkey 2:
11101010 P4
fk 2 4 3 1

XOR
IP -1

Ciphertext
 Encryption Phase fk of S-DES
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Encryption
0 1 1 1
E/P
4 1 2 3 2 3 4 1
1 0 1 1
Subkey 1:
00101111 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
fk XOR
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
S0 S1
SW
1 1 1 0
Subkey 2:
11101010 P4
fk 2 4 3 1

IP-1 XOR

1 0 0 1
Ciphertext
Encryption Round 2 of S-DES
Encryption

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
SW

fk

IP-1

Ciphertext
Encryption Round 2 of S-DES
Encryption

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
SW

fk

IP-1

Ciphertext
Encryption Round 2 of S-DES

Then, apply the same

F-Box with another sub
key to get the result of
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 round 2.
Subkey 2:
11101010
fk
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

IP-1 Finally, this string is

ciphertext!
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Thanks for your attention!

^_^