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Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating Systems

The document discusses contiguous memory allocation in operating systems, highlighting its importance for performance and resource management. It compares various allocation algorithms such as First Fit, Best Fit, and Worst Fit, while addressing fragmentation issues and mitigation techniques like compaction and memory pools. The conclusion emphasizes the simplicity and speed of contiguous allocation, its evolution towards hybrid approaches, and future trends in memory management.

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Rajath MS
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9 views

Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating Systems

The document discusses contiguous memory allocation in operating systems, highlighting its importance for performance and resource management. It compares various allocation algorithms such as First Fit, Best Fit, and Worst Fit, while addressing fragmentation issues and mitigation techniques like compaction and memory pools. The conclusion emphasizes the simplicity and speed of contiguous allocation, its evolution towards hybrid approaches, and future trends in memory management.

Uploaded by

Rajath MS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contiguous Memory

Allocation in
Operating Systems
Course: Operating Systems

Team: Pranava Bhat[1RUA24CSE0318],Praveen R [1RUA24CSE0329],


Rajath M S[1RUA24CSE0354],Rakesh Naika[1RUA24CSE0356]
Date of Submission: [03-05-2025]
Memory is the canvas, and allocation is the art.
Introduction to Memory Allocation
Memory Allocation Basics Why It Matters in OS Contiguous vs Non-
Contiguous
Memory allocation is the process Efficient allocation is crucial to
through which an operating system optimize system performance and Contiguous allocation assigns a
assigns memory space to programs resource usage. Poor memory single continuous block of memory,
for their execution. It can be static, management can lead to wastage while non-contiguous allocation
where memory is allocated at and slow system response. fragments memory across various
compile time, or dynamic, where it locations. Fragmentation issues like
happens at runtime. external and internal
fragmentation are important
considerations.
Presenter: [Person 1 Name]
Contiguous Memory
Allocation: First Fit and
Best Fit
First Fit Algorithm
Allocates the first block of free memory large enough for the
process. It is fast but can create large unusable small holes.

Best Fit Algorithm


Finds the smallest available block that fits the process to minimize
wasted space. It reduces fragmentation but can be slower.

Comparison
First Fit offers speed but may waste more space; Best Fit improves
space utilization but can increase allocation time. Choice depends
on application needs.

Presenter: [Person 1 Name]


Contiguous Memory
Allocation: Worst Fit
Worst Fit Algorithm Pros and Cons
Allocates the largest free It spreads allocations but
block to a process to leave can lead to inefficient use of
medium-sized free blocks large memory blocks,
available. This aims to sometimes increasing
reduce small fragmented fragmentation risk.
holes.

Use Cases
Useful in scenarios where spreading out processes helps
prevent clustering, such as in certain embedded or real-time
systems.
Presenter: [Person 2 Name]
Advantages of
Contiguous Memory
Allocation
Simple Lower Overhead
Implementation
Requires less bookkeeping
Allocating contiguous than complex non-
blocks simplifies memory contiguous schemes,
management and resulting in faster
increases access speed allocation and
due to locality of deallocation.
reference.

Ideal for Simple Systems


Perfect choice for embedded or resource-limited environments
where simplicity and speed are critical.

Presenter: [Person 2 Name]


Disadvantages of Contiguous Memory
Allocation: Fragmentation
External Fragmentation Internal Fragmentation Compaction

Occurs when free memory is split Happens when allocated memory A technique that repositions
into small non-contiguous blocks exceeds process needs, leaving memory contents to consolidate
too small for new processes, unused space inside blocks, free space and reduce external
leading to wasted space despite resulting in inefficiency. fragmentation, but it’s costly and
sufficient total free memory. impacts performance.

Presenter: [Person 3 Name]


Addressing Fragmentation: Compaction and
Mitigation Techniques
Compaction
Rearranges memory to create larger contiguous blocks. Improves allocation success but requires CPU time and temporary pauses.

Memory Pools
Pre-allocated fixed-size blocks to reduce fragmentation for specific allocations, enhancing reliability.

Buddy Systems
Allocates memory blocks in sizes of powers of two, efficiently merging and splitting blocks to minimize fragmentation.

Presenter: [Person 3 Name]


Conclusion: Contiguous Memory Allocation and Future Trends

Summary
1 Contiguous allocation offers simplicity and speed but faces fragmentation challenges that limit flexibility.

Evolution
2 Memory allocation has progressed with hybrid approaches combining contiguous and non-contiguous
techniques for better performance.

Future Trends
3 Increased integration with virtual memory and advanced algorithms promise more efficient
and adaptive memory management.

Q&A
4 We welcome your questions and discussions on this fundamental OS topic.

Presenter: [Person 4 Name]

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