if, else and else if

In Python, if, else, and elif (else if) are used to control how a program makes
decisions.
•if: This checks if a condition is true. If it is, the code inside the if block runs.
•else: This runs when the if condition is false.
•elif: Short for "else if," this checks another condition if the first if is false.

• In this example:
age = 18
• If age is less than 18, it prints "You
are a minor." if age < 18:
print("You are a minor.")
• If age is exactly 18, it prints "You just elif age == 18:
print("You just turned 18!")
turned 18!" else:
• Otherwise, it prints "You are an print("You are an adult.")

adult."
Some Examples:
1. Checking if a number is 2. Checking if a person can vote:
positive or negative:

number = 5 age = 17

if age >= 18: print("You are old enough to

if number > 0:
print("The number is positive.") vote.")

else: else: print("You are not old enough to vote.")

print("The number is negative.")
3. Even or odd number check: 4. Checking if a person is a teenager:

num = 4 age = 15
if age >= 13 and age <= 19:
if num % 2 == 0: print("You are a teenager.")
else: print("You are not a teenager.")
print("The number is even.")

else: print("The number is odd.")

5. Temperature check: 6. Grading system:

marks = 85
temperature = 30
if marks >= 90:
if temperature > 30: print("Grade: A")
print("It's hot!") elif marks >= 80:
print("Grade: B")
elif temperature < 15:
elif marks >= 70:
print("It's cold!") print("Grade: C")
else: else:
print("The weather is nice.") print("Grade: D")
7. Checking if a person is tall 8. Checking if a number is divisible by
enough for a ride: both 3 and 5:

number = 15
height = 150
if number % 3 == 0 and number % 5 ==
if height >= 120: 0:
print("You can go on the ride!") print("The number is divisible by both 3
and 5.")
else: else:
print("You are not tall enough for print("The number is not divisible by
the ride.") both.")
9. Checking time of the day:
10. Simple password check:
time = 10
password = "python123"
if time < 12:
print("Good morning!") if password == "python123":
elif time < 18: print("Access granted.")
print("Good afternoon!") else:
else: print("Access denied.")
print("Good evening!")
For loop:
• A for loop in Python is used to repeat a block of code multiple times.
It allows you to "loop" over a collection of items, such as a list, range
of numbers, or even a string. For each item in the collection, the code
inside the loop will run.
How It Works:
• A for loop takes each item from a collection (like a list or a range of
numbers) and performs the same action with each item.
• The loop runs until all the items in the collection have been processed.
Some Example:

Example 1: Looping through a list Example 2: Looping through a range

of numbers of numbers

for i in range(5):
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(i)

for num in numbers:

print(num)
• Range(5)gives the numbers from 0 to 4
This loop will print each number in (it stops before 5).
the list one by one. • The loop will print:0,1,2,3,4
Example 3: Looping through a Example 4: Looping through a list
string of items

word = "hello" fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for letter in word: for fruit in fruits:

print(letter) print(fruit)

• This loop will print each letter in • The loop prints each fruit from the
the word hello one by one. list: “apple”, “banana”, “cherry”
Some questions:
1. Number Comparison: Write a program that takes two numbers as input and prints which one
is larger or if they are equal.
2. Leap Year Checker: Write a program to check whether a given year is a leap year or not. A
leap year is divisible by 4 but not by 100, except if it is divisible by 400.
3. Discount Calculator: Write a program that calculates a discount based on a total purchase
amount. If the amount is over $100, apply a 10% discount, otherwise apply a 5% discount.
4. Temperature Advice: Write a program that gives advice based on temperature input:
• Below 0°C: "It's freezing!"
• 0°C to 20°C: "It's cold."
• 21°C to 30°C: "It's warm."
• Above 30°C: "It's hot!“

5. Vowel or Consonant: Write a program that checks whether a given letter is a vowel (a, e, i, o,
u) or a consonant.
6. Sum of Numbers: Write a program that calculates the sum of all numbers from
1 to 50 using a for loop
7. Multiplication Table: Write a program that prints the multiplication table for a
given number (e.g., 5) up to 10.
8. Counting Even Numbers: Write a program that counts how many even
numbers there are between 1 and 100 using a for loop.
9. Factorial Calculation: Write a program that calculates the factorial of a number
using a for loop. The factorial of a number n is the product of all positive integers
from 1 to n.
10. List Reversal: Write a program that reverses a given list using a for loop.