DATABASE
WHAT IS A DATABASE?
• A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored
electronically in a computer system.
• A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS).
• Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications that are associated with
them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just database.
• Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is typically modeled
in rows and columns in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient.
• The data can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and
organized. Most databases use structured query language (SQL) for writing and querying
data.
EXAMPLE OF DATABASE
ADVANTAGES OF USING A DATABASE
• Database minimizes data redundancy to a great extent:- No repetitive Data
• The database can control the inconsistency of data to a large extent. –
Same data but may receive from different inputs
• Sharing of data is also possible using the database.
• Database enforce standards:- Standards are common practices that ensure
the consistency and effectiveness of the database environment,
• The use of Databases can ensure data security.
• Integrity can be managed using the database:- Data integrity is the overall
accuracy, completeness, and consistency of data
TYPES OF DATABASE
• Hierarchical database systems.
• Network database systems.
• Relational Database System
• Non Relational DB systems
HIERARCHICAL DATABASE SYSTEMS.
• A hierarchical database is a data model in which data is stored in
the form of records and organized into a tree-like structure, or
parent-child structure, in which one parent node can have many child
nodes connected through links.
NETWORK DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A network database is a type of database model wherein multiple
member records or files can be linked to multiple owner files and vice
versa.
• Eg Integrated Data Store (IDS) Raima Database Manager. Univac DMS-
1100. IDMS (Integrated Database Management System)
RELATIONAL DATABASE
• A relational database is a type of database that focuses on the relation
between stored data elements.
• It allows users to establish links between different sets of data within
the database and use these links to manage and reference related
data.
• Many relational databases use SQL (Structured Query Language) to
perform queries and maintain data.
• Eg:- Oracle, Mysql, Sybase, DB2, postgresSQL, MariaDB, MSSQL
RDBMS
• Relational database systems use a model that organizes data into tables of rows (also
called records or tuples) and columns (also called attributes or fields).
• Generally, columns represent categories of data, while rows represent individual instances.
• Let's use a digital storefront as an example. Our database might have a table containing
customer information, with columns representing customer names or addresses, while
each row contains data for one individual customer.
• These tables can be linked or related using keys. Each row in a table is identified using a
unique key, called a primary key.
• This primary key can be added to another table, becoming a foreign key. The
primary/foreign key relationship forms the basis of the way relational databases work.
• Relational database management systems (RDBMS) are a more advanced subset of DBMS,
handling relational databases.
DBMS RDBMS
Stores smaller amounts of data as files, with Stores large amounts of data as tables that are related to
no relations. each other.
Can only access one data element at a time. Can access multiple data elements at the same time.
Working with large amounts of data makes Relational approach allows data fetching to remain fast even
fetching slower. for large databases.
No database normalization. Allows database normalization.
Does not support distributed databases. Supports distributed databases.
Supports a single user. Supports multiple users.
Lower security level. Multiple security levels.
Low software and hardware requirements. High software and hardware requirements.
NON-RELATIONAL DB
• Non-relational databases (often called NoSQL databases) are different
from traditional relational databases in that they store their data in a
non-tabular form.
• A non-relational database is any database that does not use the tabular
schema of rows and columns like in relational databases. Rather, its
storage model is optimized for the type of data it’s storing.
• Non-relational databases are also known as NoSQL databases which
stands for “Not Only SQL.” Where relational databases only use SQL,
non-relational databases can use other types of query language.
THERE ARE FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOSQL DATABASES.
• Document-oriented databases – Also known as a document store, this database is
designed for storing, retrieving and managing document-oriented information.
Document databases usually pair each key with a complex data structure (called a
document).
• Key-Value Stores – This is a database that uses different keys where each key is
associated with only one value in a collection. Think of it as a dictionary. This is one of
the simplest database types among NoSQL databases.
• Wide-Column Stores – this database uses tables, rows, and columns, but unlike a
relational database, the names and format of the columns can vary from row to row in
the same table.
• Graph Stores – A graph database uses graph structures for semantic queries with
nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data.
NO-SQL DBS
• Examples:- MongoDB, Redis, Aws Dynamo DB etc.
SQL VS NOSQL
SQL
• SQL is a standard database programming language used for accessing and
manipulating data in a database.
• SQL is used by many databases like MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, etc.
• There are lots of different database systems, or DBMS (Database Management
Systems), such as:
• Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle database
• MySQL (Oracle, earlier name as Sun Microsystems) - MySQL is used for free of charge
(open source license); examples of those websites that use MySQL are YouTube,
Wikipedia, Facebook
• IBM DB2
• Sybase
