MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION OF
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(DRR)
G3
INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 1.1
(DRR)
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION – a systematic approach to identifying assessing and reducing
the risks of a disaster. It aims to reduce the socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as
well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them.

(also referred to as just disaster reduction) is defined as the concept and

practices of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyses and manage
the casual factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened
vulnerability of people property.

DRR – aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like

earthquakes, floods droughts and cyclones through an ethic of prevention.
Disasters often follow natural hazards. A disaster’s severity depends on how
much impact a hazard has on society and the environment.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
1.1.
1
It aims to have (a) effective integration of disaster risk considerations
into sustainable development policies, planning and programming at all levels –
disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness and vulnerability reduction; (b)
development and strengthening of institutions, mechanism and capacities at all
levels
 PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK PROFILE 1.2

Philippines is a archipelagic in nature it is composed of 7,107 Islands

and surrounded by numerous bodies of water, it is one of the most disaster-
prone countries in the world.
Philippines is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire where the Active
volcanoes and earthquake generated area found on average, our country
experiences an average of 20 earthquakes a day only a fewer are felt by
men, one of the destructive earthquake event was the Bohol Earthquake on
October 2013.
Our country is also located at the Typhoon Belt, we experience an
average of 20 Typhoons a year, 5-7 of those are destructive
typhoon. Yolanda is the most devastating amongst the typhoons
that enter the Philippines Area of Responsibility (PAR).
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK PROFILE 1.2
 THE RING OF FIRE 1.2.
1
is a major area in the basin of
the Pacific Ocean where many
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
occur. In a large 40,000 km
horseshoe shape, it is associated
with a nearly continuous series of
oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and
volcanic belts and plate movements.
It has 452 volcanoes.
THE RING OF FIRE 1.2.
1
 THE RING OF FIRE 1.2.
1
The country’s vulnerability to typhoons and landslide and it has been
considered the 7-11 of disasters in the Asean Region

Natural Hazards – Tropical cyclones, Floods, Storm surges, Earthquakes,

Tsunamis, Volcanic eruptions, Landslide and Drought etc.

Human Induced Hazards – Fire, Maritime accidents, Aircraft crashes, Land

accidents, Industrial accidents, Crimes, Civil disturbance, Terrorism and
Armed conflict.
 WHAT IS A DISASTER? 1.2.
3
is “a serious disruption of the function of a
community or a society causing widespread human, material
economic, or environmental losses which exceed the ability of
the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources” (UNISDR). When a community or society with limited
ability and resources is hit by a hazard, disaster then occurs
(Victoria 2009).
 WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF DISASTER? 1.2.
4
Death, Chaos, Lost of
Livelihood, Poor Tourism, Poor
Economy, Widespread
Damages, and Poor Tourism is
among the many financial
implications of disaster
impacts loss of Public Trust,
disrupting Operations.
 WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF DISASTER? 1.2.
4
COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST RISK INDEX OF CLIMATE HAZARDS, 2018
THE PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PHILIPPINE DRRM 1.3
SYSTEM
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10121.

AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE

PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND
ISNTITIONALIZING THE DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION PLAN, APPROIATIONG FUNDS
THEREFOR AND OTHER PURPOSES.
THE PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PHILIPPINE DRRM 1.3
SYSTEM
PARADIGM SHIFT

National Disaster Risk Redcution and

Management Council, The Law also led to
the evolution of the National Disaster
Coordinating Council into National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Council
THE PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PHILIPPINE DRRM 1.3
SYSTEM
NDCC has 1 Chairperson 19 Members while NDRRMC has 1 Chairperson 4 Vice
Chairperson 39 Members. Furthermore, the membership of the council expanded from
one (1) chairperson and nineteen (19) members to one (1) Chairperson, four (4) Vice
Chairperson and thirty nine (39) members by virtue of the law, the Office of Civil
Defense is mandated to act as the executive and secretariat of the NDRRMC.
FOUR DRRM THEMATIC AREAS 1.3.
1
FOUR DRRM THEMATIC AREAS 1.3.
1
With the approval of the
National DRRM framework on June 16,
2011, the four (4) thematic areas
shall work together by integrating the
risk factors and mainstreaming DRR
and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)
in order to the vision of safer,
adaptive and resilient Filipino
communities towards sustainable
development, June 16, 2011.
 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN RA 10121 1.3.
2
Disaster Preparedness is
the knowledge and capacities
developed by governments,
professional response and
recovery organizations,
communities and individuals to
effectively anticipate respond
to, and recover from, the
impacts of likely, imminent or
current hazard events or
conditions.

The Department of
Interior and Local Government
is the Vice Chairperson for
PROGRAM AND ACTIVITIES UNDER THE DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
1.3.2.
1
1. CONDUCTING DRILLS AND EXRCISE

2. STOCKPILING AND PREPOSITIONING

3. INFORMATION AND EDUCATION CAMPAIGNS CAPACITATING THE COUNCIL

4. EDUCATION AND INFROMATION CAMPAIGN TRAINING

5. FORMULATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF PLANS

 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN RA 10121 1.3.
2
Disaster Preparedness is
the knowledge and capacities
developed by governments,
professional response and
recovery organizations,
communities and individuals to
effectively anticipate respond
to, and recover from, the
impacts of likely, imminent or
current hazard events or
conditions.

The Department of
Interior and Local Government
is the Vice Chairperson for
 NATIONAL DRMM PLAN (2011-2018) AND 1.3.
OTHER PLANS 3
1.3.3.1 National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan
1.3.3.2 National Disaster Prevention Plan
1.3.3.3 National Disaster Response Plan
1.3.3.4 National Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery Frameworks Plan for Hydromet
Hazards, for Earthquake and Tsunamis.
1.3.3.5 We have also other types of plans such as the Contingency Plan and Operation
Plan
1.3.3.6 National DRRM Plan A road map from 2011 to 2018 on how DRRM shall:
3.6.1 Contribute to gender responsive and rights based sustainable
development
3.6.2 Promote inclusive growth
3.6.3 Build adaptive communities
3.6.4 Increase resilience of vulnerable sectors
3.6.5 Optimize disaster mitigation opportunities to promote people welfare and
institutions
 1.3.
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN
3.3.
*Guide of NDRRMC Member
1
Agencies in preparing agency-
level Response Plan

*Based on actual experiences

and observations of national
agencies involved in the
response operations done for
disaster from 2010-2013.
 1.3.
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN
3.3.
1
 1.3.
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN
3.3.
1
Contingency Plan is forward plan in a state of uncertainty in which:
1. Scenarios and objectives are agreed
2. Managerial and technical actions defined
3. Potential response systems put in place in order to prevent, or better respond to, an
emergency or critical situation.

Uses of contingency Plan:

• To predict a specific disaster in locality (worst case scenario)
• To prevent its effects
• To reduce its impact
• To respond
• To cope with consequences
Operations Plan also called Incident Action Plan:
• Formulated and implemented immediately (on-scene)
• Used to address a specific incident within a specific time frame 1.3.3.3.
• Contents are actual and precise 1
ASPECTS DRRM PLANNING CONTINGENCY PLANNING OPERATING PLANNING
When to do Planning period(annual, bi annual, Before emergency(normally Immediately following the
etc.) done after EWS or before emergency to include on-
planned event) scene incident action
planning
Scope of plan General; covers the four priority Specific; with time frame for More specific
components-prevention & some events/hazards
mitigation, preparedness, response
and rehabilitation and recovery
Focus All hazards Specific hazard, projected in Actual disaster operation
a worst case scenario
Duration and Short, medium & long-term and Specific time frame, Local Actual
style globally attuned
Allocation Estimated Quantified Precise
Planning level All DRRMC Levels Managerial Level Actual/On-site or field level
Plan execution Annual, Bi-Annual, etc. Specific(but uncertain); Executed right time, fixed
developing
Relationship Long-term Developing Utilizing
 THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
1.4
MANAGEMENT LAW

The act shifted the policy environment and the way the country deal with disasters
from mere response to preparedness. (Republic Act (RA) 10121 provides a
comprehensive all-hazard, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based
approach to disaster risk management through the formulation of the National Disaster
Risk Management Framework.

RA10121
Provides for the calamity fund to be used in support of disaster risk reduction or
mitigation, prevention, and preparedness activities for the potential occurrence of
disaster and not just for response, relief, rehabilitation efforts.
 THE LEGAL BASIS OF DRR 1.4.
1
The purpose of RA 10121?

Republic Act 10121 also known as “An Act Strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Risk
Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds, Therefore and Other Purposes”
was passed and approved on May 27, 2010 after 21 years of revisions and refilling.
 DRRM-RELATED LAWS 1.4.
2
RA 7160 Local Government code of 1991

• Provides the LGUs with the responsibilities to deliver basic services

including health, agriculture, social welfare, and aspects of environment
and natural resources.
• Calls for active and direct participation of non-government organizations
and people’s organizations in local governance through representation in
local development councils and local special bodies.
• Gives LGUs regulatory and licensing functions to reclassify agricultural
lands, enforce environmental laws, and enforce the national building code.
• Mandates local chef executives (LCEs) to carry out emergency measures as
may be necessary during, and in the aftermath of man-made and natural
disasters.
• Mandates the formation of local development councils
• Empowers ordinary citizens to remove elected officials (recall) and pass
 How the law relates to DRR/CCA

• Local chief executives (LCEs) have the authority to carry out emergency measures
as maybe necessary during, and in the aftermath of man-made and natural disaster.
• Enjoins the local development councils to adopt measures to protect the inhabitants
of the locality from the harmful effects of disaster and to provide relief services and
assistance for the victims during and aftermath of said disasters and their return to
productive livelihood following said events.

RA 9275 Clean Water Act 2004

• Localized water quality management with governing boards to manage water quality
issues within jurisdiction
• Requires LGUs to construct and maintain sewage and/or septage treatment facilities

How the law relates to DRR/CCA

• Local governments units have the responsibility for water quality monitoring,
emergency response, compliance with the Framework of the Water Quality
Management Action Plan, active participation in all efforts to ensure water quality
protection and rehabilitation.
 RA 8749 Clean Air Act

• Provides measures to reduce air pollution and incorporate environmental protection

into government’s development plans.
• Sets emission standards for all motor vehicles and issues registration only upon
demonstration of compliance.
• Bans incineration and smoking in public places.
• Mandates the formulation of a national and sub-national plan consistent with the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and other international
instruments for the reduction of greenhouse das emissions
• Allows LGUs to set emission quotas by pollution source.

How the law relates to DRR/CCA

* Mandates the responsibility of government (national/local) in complying with

international agreements pertaining to Clean Air and climate change framework.
 RA 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

• Gives power to LGUs to their respective solid wastes

• Requires waste segregation at source
• Calls for the composting of biodegradable waste to be used as organic fertilizer
• Provides for the establishment of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) at the barangay
level
• Provides for the establishment of sanitary landfills at the city/municipality level

How the law relates to DRR/CCA

• Authorizes the LGUs to plan for and implement mitigation measures such as waste
segregation, proper solid waste management, promotion of recycling.
• Enforcement of the law such as recycling and reuse results to the reduction of
greenhouse gases.

RA 8550 Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998

• Promotes and protects the right of municipal fishers, especially in the preferential
use of municipal Waters.
• Provides that at least 15% of the total coastal areas in each municipalities be
• Promotes the participation of fisheries in management of fisheries through the
Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council (FARMCs)
• Promotes the safeguarding the marine environment to ensure adequate food supply

How the law relates to DRR/CCA

• Enforcement of the law contributes to Mitigation of risks and increase capacity

through food security.

RA 6969 Toxic and Hazardous Waste Act

• Mandates the regulation, restriction or prohibition of the importation, manufacture,

processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substance and mixtures
that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the environment.

RA 8371 Indigenous Rights Act 1997

• Indigenous people’s ownership and management of their ancestral domain

(lands, waters, mineral, and other natural resources)
• Uphold the rights of IPs in case of displacement as a result of disaster,
which include resettlement in suitable areas (whether temporary or
permanent depending on the situation), provision of basic services and
• Stipulates the responsibilities of IPs for maintaining ecological balance, restoration of
denuded areas and compliance with relevant laws

How law relates to DRR/CCA

• Ensure Protection of IPs rights before, during, and after a disaster

• Compliance to the law by the IPs contributes to increased capacity
 BASIC CONCEPT ON DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT DRRM AND
1.5
Hazards
CLIMATE ADAPTATION
-is "a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon, or human activity that
may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption,
or environmental degradation
-A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may
cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods
and services, social and economic disruption, or environment damage.
Disaster
-is "a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing
widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses which exceed the
ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources" (UNISDR).
When a community or society with limited ability and resources is hit by a hazard,
disaster then occurs (Victoria, 2009).
-Not all hazards, therefore, can become disasters. A hazard may only become a
disaster when it causes serious disruption and damage, and the ability of the
community to cope is not in place.
Vulnerability
the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
The inability of a community to cope when a hazard occurs is called vulnerability.

It explains why people, livelihoods, and properties located in areas where hazards
occur can suffer damage and loss. Looking back at the timelines you prepared, what are
the examples of vulnerability in our community?

Some other examples of vulnerability are as follows (CDP, 2007, pp. 30-31):
* Unsafe design and construction of houses and buildings
• Lack of safe planning for settlements/housing
• Conflict in the community Lack of knowledge and skills on preparedness and protective
measures
• Attitude of helplessness, dependence, and indifference
• Social inequity
• Poverty
• Low level of literacy
• Lack of knowledge on risks and unsafe practices

Capacity
-the combination of all strengths, attributes and resources available within a
Examples of existing capacities in our community? These may include:
• Permanent housing
• Ownership of land
• Adequate food and income source
• Family capacity Family and community support in times of crises
• Local knowledge and skills
• Responsive local government
• Strong community organizations
• Strong participation of commonly vulnerable groups such as children, women,

PWDs
Having defined vulnerability and capacity, we can conclude that the more
vulnerable a community is, the more likely it will experience disasters. On the other hand,
the more capacitated a community is, the less vulnerable it would be from the impact of
disasters.

Exposure
-refers to "the degree to which a community is likely to experience hazard events of
different magnitudes.“
-It refers to the physical location (e.g. on the foot of a volcano, proximity to a body
of water, low-lying area) and characteristics (type of soil, topography, temperature) of a
community that "exposes" it to hazards. Our discussion earlier on our country's geological
• The occurrence of disasters could also be attributed to the extent of exposure of a
particular community to hazards.
• Exposure can be considered an element of vulnerability.

Risk
-the combination of probability of an event and its negative consequences.

Disaster Risk
-The potential disaster losses when hazards occur or disaster risk is dependent on
the strength of hazard; and extent of exposure, vulnerability, and capacity of a community
to withstand the onslaught of the hazard. The relationship may be expressed as follows:
Disaster Risk
(DR) = Hazard x Vulnerability

Capacity
Mitigation
-he action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something. it will
also lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Preparedness
-refers to a very concrete research-based set of actions that are taken as
precautionary measures in the face of potential disasters. These actions can include both
Response
-the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately
after a disaster in order to save life, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet
the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

Recovery
-the restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and
living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk
factors.

Relief
-this includes activities that are undertaken during and after a disaster to assist
affected people.

Resilience
-capacity to maintain social and economic activities or structures in the face of
climate change or disaster.

Community
-is a group of people living in the same geographic area, sharing resources
together, and having the same interests.
 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT 1.6
The key to reducing disaster risk then, is the reduction of vulnerabilities and
exposure; and enhancing the capacities of those living in areas prone to hazards.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) encompasses all the activities that
must be undertaken at every stage of a disaster before, during and after focusing on
four objectives:
1. To save lives;
2. To reduce human misery;
3. To minimize damage to property and economic loss; and
4. To facilitate recovery and rehabilitation toward development
* DRRM involves four major phases: Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Disaster
Preparedness, Disaster Response, and Rehabilitation and Recovery.
* DRRM activities under the first two phases are done before a disaster. On the
other hand, Disaster Response covers the interventions needed during or immediately
after a disaster. The Rehabilitation and Recovery phase includes the DRRM initiatives
after the occurrence of a disaster and includes a process of building capacities to be
better prepared for the next potential disaster.
What are the mechanisms to reduce disaster risks?
Activities that can be done before any disaster occurs involve prevention, mitigation
and preparedness.

Prevention and mitigation can lessen the threat of hazards through long- term
solutions intended to lower the vulnerability of a community. Dredging a heavily silted
river, planting more trees and prohibiting the cutting of trees, especially in mountainous
areas, may help avert flooding and landslides.

• Families who live in unsafe places may be transferred to safer areas and rebuild their
houses there. While the responsibility for these efforts lies with the government, the
communities may contribute by including these activities in their community-based
disaster management programs.
• Disaster Prevention and Mitigation measures may be structural or non-structural. These
will be discussed in detail in succeeding modules.

1.6.1 Disaster Preparedness

is the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response
and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond
to, and recover from, the impacts of likely. imminent, or current hazard events or
conditions" (UNISDR, no date).
These include the development of early warning system and evacuation plan,
1.6.2 Disaster Response
is "the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately
after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure punblic safety, and
meet the basic subsistence needs of people affected" (RA 10121, Sectio 3). Such
mechanisms are implemented during or immediately after a disaster event.
Emergency response measures include search and rescue operations, evacuation
center management, relief operations, and damage needs and capacities assessment.

1.6.3 Rehabilitation and Recovery

refers to measures taken after a disaster to "restore or improve the pre-disaster
living conditions of a stricken community, while encouraging and facilitating necessary
adjustments to reduce disaster risk (UNISDR, no date). It is also about building capacity to
strengthen resilience of the affected community. This phase begins with the assessment of
the extent of damage and identification of needs after the disaster (post disaster damage
and needs assessment). Actions under this phase include resumption of the provision of
basic services, repair of physical damage and community facilities, revival of economic
activities, and development/improvement of DRRM mechanisms. Focuses on enabling the
affected population to resume more or less normal (pre-disaster) patterns of life. It may be
considered as a transitional phase between immediate relief and more major, long term
development.
Climate change
DRRM initiatives could not be separated from the efforts to address the adverse effects of
What causes rapid climate change?
There is mounting evidence that the earth is rapidly getting warmer and much of
this is caused by human activities (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2012).
What causes this rapid rise in global temperature? The presence of too much greenhouse
gasses (e.g. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the earth's atmosphere which
traps the sun's heat is blamed for this. This natural phenomenon is known as the
greenhouse effect.

1.6.4 Greenhouse Effect

Let us imagine the clothes we're wearing right now. Imagine them as the earth's
atmosphere. It has the right amount of greenhouse gases that keep the heat emitting out
of your body trapped. But it's all right since they are not too thick. Your body can handle
the warmth. What if we add more layers of clothes and cover you with five thick blankets?
What will happen to you? That's what the greenhouse gasses do. Because there are just
too many of them in the atmosphere, they make the planet warmer.
 The human activities that result in increased risk of climate change

Greenhouse gases result from various natural and human activities. The accelerated build-
up of greenhouse gases is due to high level of human activities related to:
• Burning of fuels such as coal, oil, and gas
• Industrial processes which generate human-made gases
• Agricultural production such as raising farm animals and use of pesticides and chemical
fertilizers
• Land use changes especially deforestation of tropical forests
 The effects and impact of climate change

Ice melts in the arctic making sea level rise. Moreover, sea water warms and
evaporates more rapidly, which leads to the increase in number and intensity of typhoons,
hurricanes, and all tropical storms. Extreme weather patterns are experienced (too hot or
too cold, too much rains or too much dryness). Hence, we experience the growing
unpredictability and intensity of typhoons, floods, and drought. Rising seas and extreme
weather conditions affect our:
• Agriculture and food security (decrease in or destruction of crop yields and livestock,
higher demand for irrigation)
• Health (weather-related deaths, infectious diseases, mosquito-bite or parasite related
ailments, air quality-respiratory illnesses)
• Coastal Areas (erosion of beaches, inundated coastal lands, cost to defend coastal
communities)
• Forest (change in forest composition and coverage)
• Species and natural areas (loss of habitat and species, shift on ecological zones)
• Water Resource (change in water supply and quality, increased competition for water),
(Climate Change Commission, no date)
The impact of climate change has caught many communities unprepared. As world
temperature rises, we will continue to experience extreme weather events such as heavy
rainfall and severe drought. Climate change is exposing areas previously not experiencing
floods and drought to such. Hence, more communities are becoming even more
 The effects and impact of climate change?
DRRM programs should integrate measures that help communities adapt to climate
change and its effects. Activities and technology can be modified to reduce the production
of greenhouse gases, which in turn, will reduce or slow down the rise in temperature and
the resulting effects.
Since we cannot stop climate change, we should learn to adapt and change our
ways so that its negative effects could be reduced and positive impact could be taken
advantage of.
What CCA/M measures can we do as ordinary people or as a community? Since our
activities result in the production of greenhouse gases which when become excessive and
accumulate contributes to the increasing global temperature, we need to modify the way
we live. We can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases through the following efforts:
• Change your incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent lights (CFLs).
• Turn off lights when not in use. Whenever possible, bring natural sunlight into your
home.
• Have your cars regularly checked for efficient engine performance.
• When traveling short distances, just walk or use a bicycle. When going to work or to
some distant places, take the public transport.
• Clean your refrigerator regularly. Do not set the thermostat higher than necessary.
• Minimize or avoid the use of home appliances that eat up too much energy such as
water heaters, washing machines, dryers and dishwashers.
• Use solar panels installed in your home to provide some of your electricity needs. Use
• Buy less, use less and re-use as much as possible.

DRRM and CCA/M endeavors should come from us, from ordinary community
members, LGU officials, along with the most vulnerable sectors of our community.

Children Play a Big Role in the Effect of Climate Change

Children play a role in reducing the effects of climate change and in reducing the
production of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.
Children can:
• Conserve water
• Conserve electricity
• Recycle (recycling projects)
• Help in waste segregation at home and in school
• Inform peers and their family regarding climate change and how to mitigate its effects
 THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT, THE IMPORTANCE 1.7
OF DRR
The importance of disaster risk reduction management?
• From a development perspective, therefore, disaster risk reduction is vital for building
a more equitable and sustainable future. Making investments in prevention and
preparedness, including through civil defense exercises, is a necessary part of
systematic efforts to increase resilience to disaster
• aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods,
droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention. Disasters often follow natural
hazards. Each decision and action makes us more vulnerable to disasters or more
resilient to them

How does disaster management help us?

To reduce future risks and human and material losses, WHO helps countries build
resilience in health systems by strengthening emergency risk management, an approach
which includes measures ranging from prevention to preparedness to response and
recovery.
Recognize the importance of DRR on one's life?