Programming Introduction
(C Language Program)
First Year Program (FYP) Binusian 2029
Introduction
• Preparation to COMP6878051 - Algorithm and
Programming course at 1st semester.
• Textbook:
C : How to program :with an introduction
to C++
Paul Deitel & Harvey Deitel . 2016.
Pearson Education.
ISBN: 9780133976892
What is C?
• C was originally first implemented on the DEC PDP-11 computer in
1972.
• In 1978, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie produced the
first publicly available description of C, now known as the K&R
standard.
• The C has now become a widely used professional language for
various reasons.
Easy to learn
Structured language
It produces efficient programs.
It can handle low-level activities.
It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms
Why Using C
• Flexibility
Close to low level machine language yet easy to understand (therefore great
performance)
• Portability
Used from micro computer to super computer
• A Well Known Programming Language
It is used in many forms of implementations such as O/S, scientific application,
business application, etc.
• Supported With a Large Number of Libraries
Flow of developing C application
(Simplified)
Flow of developing C application
(Simplified)
• Design step to your goal
• In here you analyze and design the flow and how to achieve the
desired outcome of our application. In here we are designing the
“Algorithm”.
• Code
• This step, you code the C program. In here we are doing the
“Programming” part
• Compile (Important)
• This step is when your code is parsed, error check/syntax check,
and transformed into executable file (in windows, there’ll be .exe
file).
• If any error is encountered, we go back to code step to do Error
Fix/ Bug Fix
• Run!
How to Start with C
• NOTE : Please use this platform to explore each of code in this session. You
need to try to run the code, and repair it if needed.
Online Compiler
- https://www.onlinegdb.com/onli
ne_c_compiler
OR - https://www.tutorialspoint.com/c
ompile_c_online.php
- https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_
compiler.php
DEV C++
How to Start with C
• If you are a bit adventurous, you may use this approach:
Compiler + Text Editor + Terminal
• So, you are able to build a C program even using this combination
(in windows):
C compiler (GCC, G++, Visual C++) + Notepad + Powershell.
• PS: Dev C++ actually a combination of Compiler, Text Editor, and
Built in Terminal, Which we called IDE (Integrated
Development Environment)
C Structure
• Directive #include generally written at the beginning of a
program, used to include external functions and libraries.
• Coding Style (depends to the programmer)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int main(){
{
printf (“Welcome to BINUS\n”);
printf (“Welcome to BINUS\n”);
return (0);
return (0);
}
}
Comments
• Lets say I want to give explanation for my block of code,
like what is my function is doing, or what is the use of
my variables, or why I code this segment.
• However if I just directly type such words or sentences in
our C code, I’ll encounter error. So how to do that in c?
• You can use “Comment”
Comments in C
• Used for readability of the program, and sometimes for
communications
• Not accounted as a command/statement by the compiler
• Using /* and */ for multiline, or // at the beginning of line for one
line comment.
• Example: /*--------------------------
My First Program
--------------------------*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
printf (“Hello, BINUSIAN\n”);
}
// This program will simply print out a message
Identifier
• The naming mechanism for various element in a program such as: variable,
function, constant, etc.
• Started with a letter or underscore_
• It is case sensitive
• Maximum length is varying for every compiler
Example: Turbo 2.0 (DOS), max 32 characters
• Never use reserved word/keyword
(such as: for, while, if, main)
• Example:
name, x1, _total, cubic()
wrong: 1time, int
Data Types and Variables
• In our life is we have seen several things being
segmented into different types, right? We have
numbers, decimal numbers, texts, persons, races, etc.
• How do we represent these types and elements in C
programming language?
• In the C programming language, data types refer to
an extensive system used for declaring variables or
functions of different types.
• The type of a variable determines how much space it
occupies in storage and how the bit pattern stored is
interpreted.
Data Types and Variables
Variables
• Now we know that data types help categorize variables
or functions, and give a specific memory allocation in
RAM based on those types
• After that, we’ll learn “Variables”, an identifier to store
values into those blocks of memory so we can assign a
value, call the value, and do some operations
• A variable is a name/identifier given to a storage
area that our programs can manipulate.
• Each variable in C has a specific data type, which
determines the size and layout of the variable's
memory, also values that can be stored.
Variables
Examples
Example
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int a = 50;
float b = 10.53f;
double c = 40.7;
char d = 'A';
printf("%d | %.2f | %.3f | %c\
n",a,b,c,d);
getchar();
return 0;
}
Input Operation: scanf() function
scanf("%d %d %d",&y,&z,&w);
these’re format type. In here we these’re variables that we want to assign
have 3 integer value that’ll fetch value to. Don’t forget to use ‘&’. Which indicates
from user and store into our 3 int a memory pointing (RAM) process
variables
Output Operator: printf() function
• Printf() is used to show output into the screen
• Parameters are the same as scanf() which consists of format type and variables.
Printf(“Number of student here is: %d ”, students);
In here we don’t use ‘&variable’ because we aren’t assigning value to variable. We just
use variable
Arithmetic Operators
• An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific
mathematical or logical manipulations. C language is rich in built-
in operators and provides the following types of operators:
Exercise
Create a program that input 2 number, and calculate the result :
• Input :
• Output :
Examples
• A program to convert rate of exchange from US Dollar to Rp.
• (input: Dolar)
Formula: Dolar = Rp / 15000
Simple Algorithm Solution :
Start
Read Rp
Dolar = Rp / 15000
Print Dolar
End
Exercise Length = 5
Create a program to calculate area
of rectangle with following formula:
area = length* width
Width = 3
Start
Print “Calculate Area of Rectangle”
Length = 5
Width = 3
Print “Area of Rectangle = ”
Area = Length * Width
Print Area
End
Exercise
Create a program that has input your name, and show the Output :
Welcome Binusian 2029
Berikut informasi penting untuk mengikuti kegiatan Academic Expericence
(AE):
• Untuk melihat jadwal pelaksanaan AE Sync (ViCon), silahkan akses
https://newbinusmaya.binus.ac.id/
