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From fish to machines: The natural ‘control law’ of fish was embedded in swarms of robotic cars, drones, and boats (Credit: Christian Ziegler/Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior).
CSAIL article

Fish are masters of coordinated motion. Schools of fish have no leader, yet individuals manage to stay in formation, avoid collisions, and respond with liquid flexibility to changes in their environment. Reproducing this combination of robustness and flexibility has been a long-standing challenge for human engineered systems like robots. Now, using virtual reality for freely-moving fish, a research team based in Konstanz has taken an important step towards that goal.