chore(docker): add support for multiple Linux distributions and CUDA versions

[adamcavendish]

Motivation

This PR refactors the Docker setup to support multiple Linux distributions and CUDA versions, replacing the previous Ubuntu 18.04-specific configuration. New Dockerfiles are added for Ubuntu 20.04, Ubuntu 24.04, and Rocky Linux 9, each paired with CUDA 11 and 12. The build process now handles distribution-specific package managers and dependencies to ensure compatibility.

Key Changes

1. Dockerfile Refactoring

• Removed: The original Dockerfile (Ubuntu 18.04 + CUDA 11.4).
• Added: Four new Dockerfiles in the container directory:
  • ubuntu20-cuda11: Ubuntu 20.04 with CUDA 11.2 (11.2 is used to align with the CI)
  • ubuntu20-cuda12: Ubuntu 20.04 with CUDA 12.8
  • ubuntu24-cuda12: Ubuntu 24.04 with CUDA 12.8
  • rockylinux9-cuda12: Rocky Linux 9 with CUDA 12.8
• Changes:
  • Distribution-specific package installation (e.g., apt-get for Ubuntu, dnf for Rocky Linux).
  • Custom handling of LLVM 7 dependencies and libffi compatibility for each OS.
  • Rust installation and environment setup standardized across all Dockerfiles.

2. Build Script Adjustments

• build.rs update in crates/rustc_codegen_nvvm:
  • Previously there are undefined symbols when running tests in here because LLVM config thinks that linking to the LLVM shared libraries will automatically provide transitive dependencies to these system dependencies.
  • Use static vs. shared flag to ensure llvm-config is giving us correct flags.

4. Documentation Updates

• README.md:
  • Added a section "Use Rust-CUDA in Container Environments" with usage instructions.
  • Clarified how to build and run containers for each distribution/CUDA version pair.

[adamcavendish]

@LegNeato @jorge-ortega Please help review when you are available. Thanks.

[LegNeato]

Awesome! I think this is strictly better than what is there so let's land and iterate. Thanks for the PR 🍻