Big Update: New Sepolia Faucet Located Here. _Kovan, Ropsten, and Rinkeby have been deprecated. Goerli Still works but we highly recommend Sephlia as its prove of stake based.

You'll need to verify via Twitter to get ETH & LINK. You can find Backup Faucets here.

Additionally, lesson 7 uses Chainlink VRF v1 instead of v2, you can find the docs for Chainlink VRFv1 here.

YouTube Video

Welcome to the repository for the Ultimate Solidity, Blockchain, and Smart Contract - Beginner to Expert Full Course | Python Edition FreeCodeCamp course!

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Resources For This Course
Lesson 0: Welcome To Blockchain
Lesson 1: Welcome to Remix! Simple Storage
Lesson 2: Storage Factory
- Inheritance, Factory Pattern, and Interacting with External Contracts
Lesson 3: Fund Me
Lesson 4: Web3.py Simple Storage
Lesson 5: Brownie Simple Storage
Lesson 6: Brownie Fund Me
Lesson 7: SmartContract Lottery
Lesson 8: Chainlink Mix
- Brownie Mixes
Lesson 9: ERC20s, EIPs, and Token Standards
Lesson 10: Defi & Aave
Lesson 11: NFTs
Lesson 12: Upgrades
Bonus Lesson 13: Full Stack Defi
Closing and Summary
- Security
- Where do I go now?

Resources For This Course

Questions

Github Discussions
- Ask questions and chat about the course here!
Stack Exchange Ethereum
- Great place for asking technical questions about Ethereum
StackOverflow
- Great place for asking technical questions overall

Windows Support

Setup your windows environment
- Learn how to install all the tools you will need for this course on a windows machine

Hiccups/Issues from the Video

Chronological Issues from the Video
- A list of known hiccups/issues you may encounter while implementing the content from the video

Lesson 0: Welcome To Blockchain

What is a Blockchain?

Making Your First Transaction

Metamask
Etherscan
Goerli Etherscan
Kovan Etherscan
Goerli Faucet
Sepolia Faucet
Sepolia Etherscan
Rinkeby Faucet (Check the link token contracts page)
- NOTE: You can always find the most up to date faucets at faucets.chain.link.
OR, use the Kovan ETH Faucet, just be sure to swap your metamask to kovan!
Gas and Gas Fees
Wei, Gwei, and Ether Converter
ETH Gas Station

How Do Blockchains Work?

Consensus

The Future

Ethereum 2

Miscellaneous

DAOs

Lesson 1: Welcome to Remix! Simple Storage

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/simple_storage

Everything in this section can be read about in the Solidity Documentation

Remix

Basic Solidity

Versioning
Compiling
Contract Declaration
Types & Declaring Variables
- uint256, int256, bool, string, address, bytes32
Default Initializations
Comments
Functions
Deploying a Contract
Calling a public state-changing Function
Visibility
Scope
View & Pure Functions
Structs
Intro to Storage
Arrays - Dynamic & Fixed sized
Compiler Errors and Warnings
Memory
Mappings
SPDX License
Recap

Deploying to a "Live" network

A testnet or mainnet
Find a faucet here
Connecting Metamask
Interacting with Deployed Contracts
The EVM

Lesson 2: Storage Factory

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/storage_factory

Inheritance, Factory Pattern, and Interacting with External Contracts

Factory Pattern
Imports
Deploy a Contract From a Contract
Interact With a Deployed Contract
Recap

Lesson 3: Fund Me

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/fund_me

Payable, msg.sender, msg.value, Units of Measure

Payable
Wei/Gwei/Eth Converter
msg.sender & msg.value

Chainlink Oracles

Decentralized Oracle Network Chainlink
- Blockchains can't make API calls
- Centralized Nodes are Points of Failure
data.chain.link
Getting External Data with Chainlink Oracles

Importing from NPM and Advanced Solidity

Decimals/Floating Point Numbers in Solidity
latestRoundData
Importing from NPM in Remix
Interfaces
- Introduction to ABIs
Getting Price Feed Addresses
getPrice
Tuples
- Unused Tuple Variables
Matching Units (WEI/GWEI/ETH)
getConversionRate
Matching Units (Continued)
SafeMath & Integer Overflow
- using keyword
- Libraries
- SafeMath PSA
Setting a Threshold
Require
Revert
Withdraw Function
Transfer
Balance
this
Contract Owners
Constructor
==
Modifiers
Resetting
for loop
Array Length
Forcing a Transaction
Recap

Lesson 4: Web3.py Simple Storage

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/web3_py_simple_storage

Installing VSCode, Python, and Web3

Developer Bootcamp Setup Instructions (metamask, vscode, python, nodejs..)
VSCode
VSCode Crash Course
Extensions
Short Cuts:
- VSCode Shortcuts
- VSCode MacOS Shortcuts
Python
- Install Troubleshooting
Terminal
Making a directory/Folder
Opening the folder up with VSCode
Creating a new file
Syntax Highlights
Remember to save!
Setting linting compile version
VSCode Solidity Settings
- Formatting & Format on Save
- Solidity Prettier
- Python Black
- pip

Our First Python Script with Web3.py - Deploying a Contract

Reading our solidity file
Running a Python Script in the Terminal
MaxOS Shortcuts
Windows Shortcuts
Linux Shortcuts
Compiling in Python
py-solc-x
- compile_standard
Colorized Brackets
JSON ABI
Saving Compiled Code
Formatting JSON
Deploying in Python
1. Get Bytecode
2. Get ABI
3. Choose Blockchain to Deploy To
- Local Ganache Chain
  - Ganache UI
  - Ganache Command Line
Web3.py
HTTP / RPC Provider
Private Keys MUST start with "0x"
Contract Object
Building a Transaction
Account Nonce
Calling "Constructor"
Transaction Parameters
Signing the Transaction
NEVER put your private key directly in your code
Setting Environment Variables (Windows, Linux, MacOS)
- More on Windows Environment Variables
Exported Environment Variables Only Last the Duration of the Shell/Terminal
Private Key PSA
.env file
.gitignore
Loading .env File in Python
- python-dotenv
Viewing our Transaction / Deployment in Ganache
Waiting for Block Confirmations

Interacting with Our Contract in Python & Web3.py

2 Things you always need
1. Contract Address
2. Contract ABI
Getting address from transaction receipt
Calling a view function with web3.py
- Call vs Transact
Updating State with Web3.py
ganache-cli
- Installing Ganache
  - Install Nodejs
  - Install Yarn
Working with ganache-cli
Open a new terminal in the same window
Deploying to a testnet
Infura
Alchemy
Using Infura RPC URL / HTTP Provider
Chain Ids
Wow this seems like a lot of work... Is there a better way?

Lesson 5: Brownie Simple Storage

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/brownie_simple_storage

Brownie Introduction

Some Users:

Installing Brownie

Installing Brownie
- Install pipx
- pipx install eth-brownie
- Testing Successful Install

Brownie Simple Storage Project

A new Brownie project with brownie init
- Project Basic Explanation
Adding SimpleStorage.sol to the contracts folder
Compiling with brownie compile
Brownie deploy script
- def main is brownie's entry point
brownie defaults to a development ganache chain that it creates
Placing functions outside of the main function
brownie accounts
- 3 Ways to Add Accounts
  1. accounts[0]: Brownie's "default" ganache accounts
    - Only works for local ganache
  2. accounts.load("..."): Brownie's encrypted command line (MOST SECURE)
    - Run brownie accounts new <name> and enter your private key and a password
  3. accounts.add(config["wallets"]["from_key"]): Storing Private Keys as an environment variable, and pulling from our brownie-config.yaml
    - You'll need to add dotenv: .env to your brownie-config.yaml and have a .env file
Importing a Contract
Contract.Deploy
View Function Call in Brownie
State-Changing Function Call in Brownie / Contract Interaction
transaction.wait(1)

Testing Basics

[Brownie console]

brownie console

Lesson 6: Brownie Fund Me

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/brownie_fund_me

Introduction

Setup

Dependencies, Deploying, and Networks

Dependencies
chainlink-brownie-contracts
remappings
Deploy Script (V1)
helpful_scripts.py
__init__.py
Deploy to Rinkeby
Contract Verification (publish_source)
- The Manual Way
  - "Flattening"
- The Programatic Way
  - Getting an Etherscan API Key
  - ETHERSCAN_TOKEN
- Interacting with Etherscan
Deploying to Local Chains
Introduction to Mocking
Constructor Parameters
networks in our brownie-config.yaml
Copying Mock Contracts from chainlink-mix
Deploying and using our mock
Refactoring
Deploying to a persistent ganache
brownie attach
Adding a persistent brownie network
resetting a network build

Funding and Withdrawing Python Scripts

Whoops! Let's fix an issue...
Fund Script
Withdraw Script

Testing across networks

test_can_fund_and_withdraw
default networks
pytest pip install pytest
pytest.skip
brownie exceptions
mainnet-fork
Custom mainnet fork
Adding a development brownie network
- brownie networks add development mainnet-fork-dev cmd=ganache-cli host=http://127.0.0.1 fork='https://infura.io/v3/$WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID' accounts=10 mnemonic=brownie port=8545
Alchemy
brownie test --network mainnet-fork
brownie ganache vs local ganache vs mainnet-fork vs testnet...

Git

Installing Git
Creating a repository
First time with git
Adding our project to github
Tweet it out!

Compatibility with Ganache UI

test_only_owner_can_withdraw() gives below error if the selected network is Ganache UI::

E           ValueError: Execution reverted during call: 'VM Exception while processing transaction: revert'. This transaction will likely revert. If you wish to broadcast, include `allow_revert:True` as a transaction parameter.

More information here.

Lesson 7: SmartContract Lottery

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/smartcontract-lottery

Chainlink VRF v1 docs

Introduction

Add a README.md
Defining the project
Is it decentralized?

`Lottery.sol`

basic setup
Main Functions
address payable[]
getEntranceFee & Setup
- Chainlink Price Feed
- brownie-config
- SPDX
Matching Units of Measure
- Can't just divide
Test early and often
Quick Math Sanity Check
deleting networks
Alchemy again
Enum
startLottery
Openzeppelin... Is this the first openzeppelin reference?
Openzeppelin Contracts Github
Randomness
Pseudorandomness
block keyword
- block.difficulty
- block.timestamp
keccack256
True Randomness with Chainlink VRF
Chainlink VRF Remix Version
Inheriting Constructors
Oracle Gas & Transaction Gas
Why didn't we pay gas on the price feeds?
Chainlink Node Fees
Request And Receive Introduction
Kovan Faucets
Funding Chainlink Contracts
Request And Receive Explanation
A Clarification
endLottery
returns (type variableName)
fulfillRandomness
override
Modulo Operation (Mod Operation %)
Paying the lottery winner
Resetting the lottery

Testing Lottery.sol

deploy_lottery.py
get_account() refactored
get_contract
- contract_to_mock
- Contract.from_abi
Adding the parameters to deploying to lottery
vrfCoordinatorMock and adding mocks
LinkToken and Mocks
Successful Ganache Deployment!
Python Lottery Scripts/Functions
- start_lottery
- Brownie tip: Remember to tx.wait(1) your last transaction
- enter_lottery
- end_lottery
Funding with LINK
brownie interfaces
Waiting for callback
Integration Tests & Unit Tests
Test all lines of code
test_get_entrance_fee
pytest.skip (again)
test_cant_enter_unless_started
test_can_start_and_enter_lottery
test_can_pick_winner_correctly
Events and Logs
callBackWithRandomness

Lottery.sol Testnet Deployment

topics
conftest.py

Lesson 8: Chainlink Mix

💻 Code: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/chainlink-mix

Brownie Mixes

Lesson 9: ERC20s, EIPs, and Token Standards

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/erc20-brownie-py

ERC20/EIP20 Standard
What is an ERC20?
Creating an ERC20
OpenZeppelin ERC20
Solidity 0.8
I Challenge you to code this yourself!
deploy_token.py
Copy paste helpful_scripts.py
Viewing our token in metamask
Adding to an exchange

Lesson 10: Defi & Aave

*NOTE: This repo is now archived as kovan is no longer supported. You can still follow along with the learning, but know the code may not work the same on a different testnet.

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/aave_brownie_py_freecode

Defi Intro

Defipulse
Defillama
Aave Testnet Site
Paraswap
Decentralized Exchange

Aave UI

Kovan ETH
What is Aave?
Borrowing and Lending
Connecting to Aave
Depositing Tokens / Lending
Checking your transaction is correct
WETH Gateway
Interest Bearing Token (aToken)
Collateral
DAI
Stablecoin
Wrapped Bitcoin (wBTC)
Why borrow tokens?
Blockchain Fintech Tutorial
DISCLAIMER ABOUT BORROWING
Borrowing Tokens
Liquidations
Your health factor must be above 1
Solvent
Stable vs Variable Interest Rate
Repaying our borrows/loans
Reward token / governance token
Governance

Programmatic Interactions with Aave

Quant Defi Engineer
Aave Documentation
Setup
Converting ETH -> WETH
get_weth.py
IWETH
Kovan WETH Token Address: 0xd0a1e359811322d97991e03f863a0c30c2cf029c
Mainnet WETH Token Address: 0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2
Converting WETH -> ETH with withdraw
aave_borrow.py
LendingPool
LendingPoolAddressProvider
LendingPool and LendingPoolAddressProvider Addresses
Fixing import dependencies
Aave Github
ERC20 Approve Function
IERC20 from Patrick's repo
deposit
getUserAccountData
Liquidation Threshold
Risk Parameters
Borrowing DAI
Getting DAI Conversion Rate
- Chainlink Price Feeds
- AggregatorV3Interface
borrow
Mainnet DAI Address: 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f
Aave Testnet Token Addresses
Repaying
Kovan Run
Viewing the transactions

Testing

Lesson 11: NFTs

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/nft-demo

Non-Technical Explainer

End-to-end article
What is an NFT?
ERC721
Token URI
Token Metadata Example
IPFS

Simple NFT

brownie mix
Initial Setup
SimpleCollectible.sol
OpenZeppelin ERC721
Pug Image
NFT Constructor
NFT is a type of factory pattern
createCollectible
- _safeMint
TokenURI & Metadata
Opensea listing example
Is this decentralized?
Ethereum Size and dStorage
You need to have your NFT attributes both on-chain and inside your tokenURI metadata
deploy_and_create.py
TokenURI used for the demo: https://ipfs.io/ipfs/Qmd9MCGtdVz2miNumBHDbvj8bigSgTwnr4SbyH6DNnpWdt?filename=0-PUG.json
IPFS Companion
Rinkeby Deployment
Opensea Example

SimpleCollectible Testing

What else with NFTs?

Advanced NFT

AdvancedCollectible.sol
Dungeons and Dragons Example
Double Inherited Constructors
createCollectible (Advanced)
- tokenIdToBreed
Working with in-flight Chainlink VRF requests
Download the NFT images from the nft-mix
setTokenURI
- _isApprovedOrOwner
Emit events when you update mappings
indexed event keyword

Advanced deploy_and_create

Move OPENSEA_URL to helpful_scripts
Deploying AdvancedCollectible
- Opensea testnet is only compatible with Rinkeby
Rinkeby Chainlink VRF Contract Addresses
Speeding through adding functions from previous projects
Deploy to Rinkeby
create_collectible.py
A quick unit test
A quick integration test

Creating Metadata & IPFS

create_metadata.py
get_breed
Metadata Folder
metadata_template
NFT Metadata Attributes
Checking if Metadata file already exists
Uploading to IPFS
- upload_to_ipfs
- Download IPFS Command Line
- Download IPFS Desktop
- HTTP IPFS Docs
- ipfs daemon
- Pinata
- Pinata Docs
- Refactoring to not re-upload to IPFS
Setting the TokenURI
End-To-End Manual Testnet Test
Viewing on Opensea

Lesson 12: Upgrades

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/upgrades-mix

Introduction to upgrading smart contracts

Original Video
Smart Contracts can be upgraded!
Does this mean they are not immutable?
Trail of Bits on Upgradeable Smart Contracts
The "Not Really Upgrading" / Parameterization Method
The Social Yeet / Migration Method
Contract Migration
Proxies
- DelegateCall
- Terminology:
  - Implementation Contract
  - Proxy Contract
  - User
  - Admin
- Gotchas:
  - Storage Clashes
  - Function Selector
  - Function Selector Clashes
- Proxy Patterns:

Upgrades-mix and code

Setup
Box.sol
BoxV2.sol
Getting the proxy contracts
Openzeppelin Proxy Github
01_deploy_box.py
Hooking up a proxy to our implementation contract
(Optional) Creating a Gnosis Safe
Initializers
Encoding Initializer Function
Assigning ABI to a proxy
Running the script
Upgrade Python Function

Testing Upgrades

Testing our proxy
Testing our upgrades

Upgrades on a testnet

Bonus Lesson 13: Full Stack Defi

Note: This section is archived as kovan is now deprecated. If you're looking to learn more Full-stack, check out the full stack portions of the hardhat/javascript video.

Link to hardhat/javascript video with more full-stack examples: https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-js

💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/defi-stake-yield-brownie-freecode

FreeCodeCamp React
What are we building?
Setup
DappToken.sol
TokenFarm.sol
- tokenIsAllowed
- addAllowedTokens
- mapping of a mapping
- stakeTokens
- issueTokens
- getUserTotalValue
- getUserSingleTokenValue
- getTokenValue
- setPriceFeedContract
- unStakeTokens
- Can this be reentrancy attacked?

Defi Stake Yield Brownie Scripts & Tests

deploy.py
- Deploying DappToken
- Deploying TokenFarm
- Adding allowed tokens
ERC20 Kovan Faucet
- If the link above does not work, you can get another ERC20 token using this faucet: Weenus ERC20 Faucet
Mocking our ERC20s

Testing our Defi Stake Yield Brownie Dapp

test_set_price_feed_contract
test_stake_tokens
Fixtures
test_issue_tokens
Now you try on tests!

Front End / Full Stack

Front End Introduction
Typescript
React
useDapp
npx
yarn
create-react-app
- Layout
Testing Front End
yarn && yarn start
Connecting our wallets
- Install useDapp
- Header Component
- Connect Button
Material-UI
Making our button nicer
Main.tsx
- Sending brownie-config & build folder to our UI
- Helper Config
- TypeScript error suppression
- Getting addresses
- Ethers
- Only support kovan
YourWallet
- supportedTokens
- State Hooks
- Showing tokens
- WalletBalance
- ethersproject/units
- BalanceMsg
- Stake Form
- Calling approve
- useContractFunction
- useEffect
- Notifications
- Make it pretty
- Alerts

Shoutout to Matt for the help on the front end!

Closing and Summary

Security

Best Practices
Attacks
- Oracle Attacks
- Re-entrancy Attacks
Damn Vulnerable Defi
Ethernaut
Some Auditors

Where do I go now?

Learning More

Community

Hackathons

Be sure to check out project grant programs!

Vyper

From solidity course to vyper

And make today an amazing day!

License

SeijBangs/full-blockchain-solidity-course-py

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