module: throw error when re-runing errored module jobs

[joyeecheung]

Re-evaluating an errored ESM should lead to rejecting the rejection again - this is also the case when importing it twice. In the case of retrying with require after import, just throw the cached error.

Drive-by: add some debug logs.

Fixes: #58945

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/loaders

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 90.10%. Comparing base (8173d9d) to head (d2455ef).
Report is 31 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #58957      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   90.09%   90.10%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         640      640              
  Lines      188462   188452      -10     
  Branches    36962    36972      +10     
==========================================
+ Hits       169786   169796      +10     
+ Misses      11404    11376      -28     
- Partials     7272     7280       +8     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js	96.37% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js	97.51% <100.00%> (+0.02%)	⬆️

... and 46 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/67872/