Building and testing Java with Maven

Introduction

This guide shows you how to create a workflow that performs continuous integration (CI) for your Java project using the Maven software project management tool. The workflow you create will allow you to see when commits to a pull request cause build or test failures against your default branch; this approach can help ensure that your code is always healthy. You can extend your CI workflow to cache files and upload artifacts from a workflow run.

GitHub-hosted runners have a tools cache with pre-installed software, which includes Java Development Kits (JDKs) and Maven. For a list of software and the pre-installed versions for JDK and Maven, see Using GitHub-hosted runners.

Prerequisites

You should be familiar with YAML and the syntax for GitHub Actions. For more information, see:

• Sintaxis del flujo de trabajo para GitHub Actions
• Writing workflows

We recommend that you have a basic understanding of Java and the Maven framework. For more information, see the Maven Getting Started Guide in the Maven documentation.

Utilizar ejecutores auto-hospedados en GitHub Enterprise Server

Cuando use acciones de configuración, (como actions/setup-LANGUAGE) en GitHub Enterprise Server con ejecutores autohospedados, es posible que necesite configurar la caché de herramientas en los ejecutores que no tienen acceso a Internet. Para más información, consulta Configurar el caché de la herramienta en ejecutores auto-hospedados sin acceso a internet.

Using a Maven workflow template

Para comenzar rápidamente, agregue una plantilla de flujo de trabajo al directorio .github/workflows del repositorio.

GitHub provides a workflow template for Maven that should work for most Java with Maven projects. The subsequent sections of this guide give examples of how you can customize this workflow template.

1. En GitHub, navegue hasta la página principal del repositorio.

2. En el nombre del repositorio, haz clic en Acciones.

   

3. Si ya tiene un flujo de trabajo en su repositorio, haga clic en New workflow (Nuevo flujo de trabajo).

4. The "Choose a workflow" page shows a selection of recommended workflow templates. Search for "Java with Maven".

5. On the "Java with Maven" workflow, click Configure.

   If you don't find the "Java with Maven" workflow template, copy the following workflow code to a new file called maven.yml in the .github/workflows directory of your repository.

   YAML

   name: Java CI with Maven
   
   on:
     push:
       branches: [ "main" ]
     pull_request:
       branches: [ "main" ]
   
   jobs:
     build:
       runs-on: ubuntu-latest
   
       steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up JDK 17
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           java-version: '17'
           distribution: 'temurin'
           cache: maven
       - name: Build with Maven
         run: mvn -B package --file pom.xml
   
       # Optional: Uploads the full dependency graph to GitHub to improve the quality of Dependabot alerts this repository can receive
       - name: Update dependency graph
         uses: advanced-security/maven-dependency-submission-action@571e99aab1055c2e71a1e2309b9691de18d6b7d6
   

6. Edit the workflow as required. For example, change the Java version.

7. Click Commit changes.

Especificar la versión y la arquitectura de Java

La plantilla de flujo de trabajo configura PATH a fin de que contenga OpenJDK 8 para la plataforma x64. Si quieres usar una versión diferente de Java o tener como destino una arquitectura diferente (x64 o x86), puedes usar la acción setup-java para elegir un entorno de ejecución de Java diferente.

Por ejemplo, para usar la versión 11 del JDK proporcionado por Adoptium para la plataforma x64, puedes usar la acción setup-java y configurar los parámetros java-version, distribution y architecture en '11'``'temurin' y x64.

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - name: Set up JDK 11 for x64
    uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '11'
      distribution: 'temurin'
      architecture: x64

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - name: Set up JDK 11 for x64
    uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '11'
      distribution: 'temurin'
      architecture: x64

Para obtener más información, consulta la acción setup-java.

Building and testing your code

You can use the same commands that you use locally to build and test your code.

The workflow template will run the package target by default. In the default Maven configuration, this command will download dependencies, build classes, run tests, and package classes into their distributable format, for example, a JAR file.

If you use different commands to build your project, or you want to use a different target, you can specify those. For example, you may want to run the verify target that's configured in a pom-ci.xml file.

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'
  - name: Run the Maven verify phase
    run: mvn --batch-mode --update-snapshots verify

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'
  - name: Run the Maven verify phase
    run: mvn --batch-mode --update-snapshots verify

Caching dependencies

You can cache your dependencies to speed up your workflow runs. After a successful run, your local Maven repository will be stored in a cache. In future workflow runs, the cache will be restored so that dependencies don't need to be downloaded from remote Maven repositories. You can cache dependencies simply using the setup-java action or can use cache action for custom and more advanced configuration.

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - name: Set up JDK 17
    uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'
      cache: maven
  - name: Build with Maven
    run: mvn --batch-mode --update-snapshots verify

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - name: Set up JDK 17
    uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'
      cache: maven
  - name: Build with Maven
    run: mvn --batch-mode --update-snapshots verify

This workflow will save the contents of your local Maven repository, located in the .m2 directory of the runner's home directory. The cache key will be the hashed contents of pom.xml, so changes to pom.xml will invalidate the cache.

Packaging workflow data as artifacts

After your build has succeeded and your tests have passed, you may want to upload the resulting Java packages as a build artifact. This will store the built packages as part of the workflow run, and allow you to download them. Artifacts can help you test and debug pull requests in your local environment before they're merged. For more information, see Storing and sharing data from a workflow.

Maven will usually create output files like JARs, EARs, or WARs in the target directory. To upload those as artifacts, you can copy them into a new directory that contains artifacts to upload. For example, you can create a directory called staging. Then you can upload the contents of that directory using the upload-artifact action.

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'
  - run: mvn --batch-mode --update-snapshots verify
  - run: mkdir staging && cp target/*.jar staging
  - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
    with:
      name: Package
      path: staging

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'
  - run: mvn --batch-mode --update-snapshots verify
  - run: mkdir staging && cp target/*.jar staging
  - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
    with:
      name: Package
      path: staging