Building and testing Java with Gradle

You can create a continuous integration (CI) workflow in GitHub Actions to build and test your Java project with Gradle.

En este artículo

Nota:

Actualmente los ejecutores hospedados por GitHub no se admiten en GitHub Enterprise Server. Puede ver más información sobre la compatibilidad futura planeada en GitHub public roadmap.

Introduction

This guide shows you how to create a workflow that performs continuous integration (CI) for your Java project using the Gradle build system. The workflow you create will allow you to see when commits to a pull request cause build or test failures against your default branch; this approach can help ensure that your code is always healthy. You can extend your CI workflow to cache files and upload artifacts from a workflow run.

GitHub-hosted runners have a tools cache with pre-installed software, which includes Java Development Kits (JDKs) and Gradle. For a list of software and the pre-installed versions for JDK and Gradle, see Using GitHub-hosted runners.

Prerequisites

You should be familiar with YAML and the syntax for GitHub Actions. For more information, see:

We recommend that you have a basic understanding of Java and the Gradle framework. For more information, see the Gradle User Manual.

Utilizar ejecutores auto-hospedados en GitHub Enterprise Server

Cuando use acciones de configuración, (como actions/setup-LANGUAGE) en GitHub Enterprise Server con ejecutores autohospedados, es posible que necesite configurar la caché de herramientas en los ejecutores que no tienen acceso a Internet. Para más información, consulta Configurar el caché de la herramienta en ejecutores auto-hospedados sin acceso a internet.

Using a Gradle workflow template

Para comenzar rápidamente, agregue una plantilla de flujo de trabajo al directorio .github/workflows del repositorio.

GitHub provides a workflow template for Gradle that should work for most Java with Gradle projects. The subsequent sections of this guide give examples of how you can customize this workflow template.

  1. En GitHub, navegue hasta la página principal del repositorio.

  2. En el nombre del repositorio, haz clic en Acciones.

    Captura de pantalla de las pestañas del repositorio "github/docs". La pestaña "Proyectos" aparece resaltada con un contorno naranja.

  3. Si ya tiene un flujo de trabajo en su repositorio, haga clic en New workflow (Nuevo flujo de trabajo).

  4. The "Choose a workflow" page shows a selection of recommended workflow templates. Search for "Java with Gradle".

  5. On the "Java with Gradle" workflow, click Configure.

    If you don't find the "Java with Gradle" workflow template, copy the following workflow code to a new file called gradle.yml in the .github/workflows directory of your repository.

    YAML
    name: Java CI with Gradle

on:
  push:
    branches: [ "main" ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ "main" ]

permissions:
  contents: read

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up JDK 17
      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
      with:
        java-version: '17'
        distribution: 'temurin'

    - name: Setup Gradle
      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@af1da67850ed9a4cedd57bfd976089dd991e2582 # v4.0.0

    - name: Build with Gradle
      run: ./gradlew build

Este flujo de trabajo realiza los siguientes pasos:

  1. Revisa una copia del repositorio del proyecto.

  2. Configura el JDK de Java.

  3. Configura el entorno de Gradle. La acción gradle/actions/setup-gradle se encarga del estado de almacenamiento en caché entre ejecuciones de flujo de trabajo y proporciona un resumen detallado de todas las ejecuciones de Gradle.

  4. The "Build with Gradle" step executes the build task using the Gradle Wrapper.

  5. Edit the workflow as required. For example, change the Java version.

    Nota:

    • Esta la plantilla de flujo de trabajo contiene una acción que no está certificada por GitHub. Las acciones que proporciona un tercero se rigen por términos de servicio, directivas de privacidad y documentación externos.
    • Si usas acciones de terceros, debes usar una versión especificada por un SHA de confirmación. Si se revisa la acción y deseas usar la versión más reciente, deberás actualizar el SHA. También puedes especificar a una etiqueta o rama, pero la acción puede cambiar sin ninguna advertencia. Para más información, consulta Security hardening for GitHub Actions.

  6. Click Commit changes.

Especificar la versión y la arquitectura de Java

La plantilla de flujo de trabajo configura PATH a fin de que contenga OpenJDK 8 para la plataforma x64. Si quieres usar una versión diferente de Java o tener como destino una arquitectura diferente (x64 o x86), puedes usar la acción setup-java para elegir un entorno de ejecución de Java diferente.

Por ejemplo, para usar la versión 11 del JDK proporcionado por Adoptium para la plataforma x64, puedes usar la acción setup-java y configurar los parámetros java-version, distribution y architecture en '11'``'temurin' y x64.

YAML
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - name: Set up JDK 11 for x64
    uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '11'
      distribution: 'temurin'
      architecture: x64

Para obtener más información, consulta la acción setup-java.

Building and testing your code

You can use the same commands that you use locally to build and test your code.

The workflow template will run the build task by default. In the default Gradle configuration, this command will download dependencies, build classes, run tests, and package classes into their distributable format, for example, a JAR file.

If you use different commands to build your project, or you want to use a different task, you can specify those. For example, you may want to run the package task that's configured in your ci.gradle file.

YAML
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'

  - name: Setup Gradle
    uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@af1da67850ed9a4cedd57bfd976089dd991e2582 # v4.0.0

  - name: Build with Gradle
    run: ./gradlew -b ci.gradle package

Caching dependencies

Your build dependencies can be cached to speed up your workflow runs. After a successful run, gradle/actions/setup-gradle caches important parts of the Gradle user home directory. In future jobs, the cache will be restored so that build scripts won't need to be recompiled and dependencies won't need to be downloaded from remote package repositories.

Caching is enabled by default when using the gradle/actions/setup-gradle action. For more information, see gradle/actions/setup-gradle.

Packaging workflow data as artifacts

After your build has succeeded and your tests have passed, you may want to upload the resulting Java packages as a build artifact. This will store the built packages as part of the workflow run, and allow you to download them. Artifacts can help you test and debug pull requests in your local environment before they're merged. For more information, see Storing and sharing data from a workflow.

Gradle will usually create output files like JARs, EARs, or WARs in the build/libs directory. You can upload the contents of that directory using the upload-artifact action.

YAML
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'

  - name: Setup Gradle
    uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@af1da67850ed9a4cedd57bfd976089dd991e2582 # v4.0.0

  - name: Build with Gradle
    run: ./gradlew build

  - name: Upload build artifacts
    uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
    with:
      name: Package
      path: build/libs