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2.23.0

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Release 2.23.0 (#8811)

## 2.23.0 (2025-10-29)

This release contains performance improvements and bug fixes since the
2.22.1 release. We recommend that you upgrade at the next available
opportunity.

**Highlighted features in TimescaleDB v2.23.0**
* This release introduces full PostgreSQL 18 support for all existing
features. TimescaleDB v2.23 is available for PostgreSQL 15, 16, 17, and
18.
* UUIDv7 compression is now enabled by default on the columnstore. This
feature was shipped in
[v2.22.0](https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb/releases/tag/2.22.0).
It saves you at least 30% of storage and delivers ~2× faster query
performance with UUIDv7 columns in the filter conditions.
* Added the ability to set hypertables to unlogged, addressing an open
community request
[#836](#836). This allows
the tradeoff between durability and performance, with the latter being
favourable for larger imports.
* By allowing [set-returning
functions](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-srf.html)
in continuous aggregates, this releases addresses a long standing
blocker, raised by the community
[#1717](#1717).

**PostgreSQL 15 deprecation announcement**

We will continue supporting PostgreSQL 15 until June 2026. Closer to
that time, we will announce the specific TimescaleDB version in which
PostgreSQL 15 support will not be included going forward.

**Features**
* [#8373](#8373) More
precise estimates of row numbers for columnar storage based on Postgres
statistics.
* [#8581](#8581) Allow
mixing Postgres and TimescaleDB options in `ALTER TABLE SET`.
* [#8582](#8582) Make
`partition_column` in `CREATE TABLE WITH` optional.
* [#8588](#8588)
Automatically create a columnstore policy when a hypertable with
columnstore enabled is created via `CREATE TABLE WITH` statement.
* [#8606](#8606) Add job
history config parameters for maximum successes and failures to keep for
each job.
* [#8632](#8632) Remove
`ChunkDispatch` custom node.
* [#8637](#8637) Add
`INSERT` support for direct compress.
* [#8661](#8661) Allow
`ALTER TABLE ONLY` to change `reloptions` to apply setting changes only
to future chunks.
* [#8703](#8703) Allow
set-returning functions in continuous aggregates.
* [#8734](#8734) Support
direct compress when inserting into a chunk.
* [#8741](#8741) Add
support for unlogged hypertables.
* [#8769](#8769) Remove
continuous aggregate invalidation trigger.
* [#8798](#8798) Enable
UUIDv7 compression by default.
* [#8804](#8804) Remove
`insert_blocker` trigger.

**Bugfixes**
* [#8561](#8561) Show
warning when direct compress is skipped due to triggers or unique
constraints.
* [#8567](#8567) Do not
require a job to have executed to show status.
* [#8654](#8654) Fix
`approximate_row_count` for compressed chunks.
* [#8704](#8704) Fix direct
`DELETE` on compressed chunk.
* [#8728](#8728) Don't
block dropping hypertables with other objects.
* [#8735](#8735) Fix
`ColumnarScan` for `UNION` queries.
* [#8739](#8739) Fix cached
utility statements.
* [#8742](#8742) Potential
internal program error when grouping by `bool` columns of a compressed
hypertable.
* [#8743](#8743) Modify
schedule interval for job history pruning.
* [#8746](#8746) Support
show/drop chunks with UUIDv7 partitioning.
* [#8753](#8753) Allow
sorts over decompressed index scans for `ChunkAppend`.
* [#8758](#8758) Improve
error message on catalog version mismatch.
* [#8774](#8774) Add GUC
for WAL based invalidation of continuous aggregates.
* [#8782](#8782) Stops
sparse index from allowing multiple options.
* [#8799](#8799) Set
`next_start` for `WITH` clause compression policy.
* [#8807](#8807) Only warn
but not fail the compression if bloom filter indexes are configured but
disabled with a GUC.

**GUCs**
* `cagg_processing_wal_batch_size`: Batch size when processing WAL
entries.
* `enable_cagg_wal_based_invalidation`: Enable experimental
invalidations for continuous aggregates using WAL.
* `enable_direct_compress_insert`: Enable direct compression during
`INSERT`.
* `enable_direct_compress_insert_client_sorted`: Enable direct compress
`INSERT` with presorted data.
* `enable_direct_compress_insert_sort_batches`: Enable batch sorting
during direct compress `INSERT`.

**Thanks**
* @brandonpurcell-dev For highlighting issues with `show_chunks()` and
UUIDv7 partitioning
* @moodgorning for reporting an issue with the
`timescaledb_information.job_stats` view
* @ruideyllot for reporting set-returning functions not working in
continuous aggregates
* @t-aistleitner for reporting an issue with utility statements in
plpgsql functions

---------

Signed-off-by: Philip Krauss <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Brandon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: timescale-automation <123763385+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Philip Krauss <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: philkra <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Anastasiia Tovpeko <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Brandon <[email protected]>

2.22.1

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Release 2.22.1 (#8717)

## 2.22.1 (2025-09-30)

This release contains performance improvements and bug fixes since the
[2.22.0](https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb/releases/tag/2.20.0)
release. We recommend that you upgrade at the next available
opportunity.

This release blocks the ability to leverage **concurrent refresh
policies** in **hierarchical continous aggregates**, as potential
deadlocks can occur. If you have [concurrent refresh
policies](https://docs.tigerdata.com/use-timescale/latest/continuous-aggregates/refresh-policies/#add-concurrent-refresh-policies)
in **hierarchical** continous aggregates, [please disable the
jobs](https://docs.tigerdata.com/api/latest/jobs-automation/alter_job/#samples),
as following:

```
SELECT alter_job("<job_id_of_concurrent_policy>", scheduled => false);
```

**Bugfixes**
* [#7766](#7766) Load OSM
extension in retention background worker to drop tiered chunks
* [#8550](#8550) Error in
gapfill with expressions over aggregates and groupby columns and
out-of-order columns
* [#8593](#8593) Error on
change of invalidation method for continuous aggregate
* [#8599](#8599) Fix attnum
mismatch bug in chunk constraint checks
* [#8607](#8607) Fix
interrupted continous aggregate refresh materialization phase leaving
behind pending materialization ranges
* [#8638](#8638) `ALTER
TABLE RESET` for `orderby` settings
* [#8644](#8644) Fix
migration script for sparse index configuration
* [#8657](#8657) Fix
`CREATE TABLE WITH` when using UUIDv7 partitioning
* [#8659](#8659) Don't
propagate `ALTER TABLE` commands to foreign data wrapper chunks
* [#8693](#8693) Compressed
index not chosen for `varchar` typed `segmentby` columns
* [#8707](#8707) Block
concurrent refresh policies for hierarchical continous aggregate due to
potential deadlocks

**Thanks**
* @MKrkkl for reporting a bug in Gapfill queries with expressions over
aggregates and groupby columns
* @brandonpurcell-dev for creating a test case that showed a bug in
`CREATE TABLE WITH` when using UUIDv7 partitioning
* @snyrkill for reporting a bug when interrupting a continous aggregate
refresh

---------

Signed-off-by: Philip Krauss <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: timescale-automation <123763385+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: philkra <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Philip Krauss <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Iain Cox <[email protected]>

2.21.4

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Release 2.21.4 (#8678)

## 2.21.4 (2025-09-25)

This release contains performance improvements and bug fixes since the
2.21.3 release. We recommend that you upgrade at the next available
opportunity.

**Bugfixes**
* [#8667](#8667) Fix wrong
selectivity estimates uncovered by the recent Postgres minor releases
15.14, 16.10, 17.6.

2.22.0

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Release 2.22.0 (#8536)

## 2.22.0 (2025-09-02)

This release contains performance improvements and bug fixes since the 2.21.3 release. We recommend that you upgrade at the next available opportunity.

**Highlighted features in TimescaleDB v2.22.0**
* Sparse indexes on compressed hypertables can now be explicitly configured via `ALTER TABLE` rather than relying only on internal heuristics. Users can define indexes on multiple columns to improve query performance for their specific workloads.
* [Tech Preview] Continuous aggregates now support the `timescaledb.invalidate_using` option, enabling invalidations to be collected either via triggers on the hypertable or directly from WAL using logical decoding. Aggregates inherit the hypertable’s method if none is specified.  
* UUIDv7 compression and vectorization are now supported. The compression algorithm leverages the timestamp portion for delta-delta compression while storing the random portion separately. The vectorized equality/inequality filters with bulk decompression deliver ~2× faster query performance. The feature is disabled by default (`timescaledb.enable_uuid_compression`) to simplify the downgrading experience, and will be enabled out of the box in the next minor release.
* Hypertables can now be partitioned by UUIDv7 columns, leveraging their embedded timestamps for time-based chunking. We’ve also added utility functions to simplify working with UUIDv7, such as generating values or extracting timestamps - e.g., `uuid_timestamp()` returns a PostgreSQL timestamp from a UUIDv7.
* SkipScan now supports multi-column indexes in not-null mode, improving performance for distinct and ordered queries across multiple keys.  

**Removal of the hypercore table access method**
We made the decision to deprecate the hypercore table access method (TAM) with the 2.21.0 release. Hypercore TAM was an experiment and it did not show the performance improvements we hoped for. It is removed with this release. Upgrades to 2.22.0 and higher are blocked if TAM is still in use. Since TAM’s inception in [2.18.0](https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb/releases/tag/2.18.0), we learned that btrees were not the right architecture. Recent advancements in the columnstore, such as more performant backfilling, SkipScan, adding check constraints, and faster point queries, put the [columnstore](https://www.timescale.com/blog/hypercore-a-hybrid-row-storage-engine-for-real-time-analytics) close to or on par with TAM without needing to store an additional index. We apologize for the inconvenience this action potentially causes and are here to assist you during the migration process.

Migration path

```
do $$
declare
   relid regclass;
begin
   for relid in
       select cl.oid from pg_class cl
       join pg_am am on (am.oid = cl.relam)
       where am.amname = 'hypercore'
   loop
       raise notice 'converting % to heap', relid::regclass;
       execute format('alter table %s set access method heap', relid);
   end loop;
end
$$;
```

**Features**
* [#8247](#8247) Add configurable alter settings for sparse indexes
* [#8306](#8306) Add option for invalidation collection using WAL for continuous aggregates
* [#8340](#8340) Improve selectivity estimates for sparse minmax indexes, so that an index scan on a table in the columnstore is chosen more often when it's beneficial.
* [#8360](#8360) Continuous aggregate multi-hypertable invalidation processing
* [#8364](#8364) Remove hypercore table access method
* [#8371](#8371) Show available timescaledb `ALTER` options when encountering unsupported options
* [#8376](#8376) Change `DecompressChunk` custom node name to `ColumnarScan`
* [#8385](#8385) UUID v7 functions for testing pre PG18
* [#8393](#8393) Add specialized compression for UUIDs. Best suited for UUID v7, but still works with other UUID versions. This is experimental at the moment and backward compatibility is not guaranteed.
* [#8398](#8398) Set default compression settings at compress time
* [#8401](#8401) Support `ALTER TABLE RESET` for compression settings
* [#8414](#8414) Vectorised filtering of UUID Eq and Ne filters, plus bulk decompression of UUIDs
* [#8424](#8424) Block downgrade when orderby setting is `NULL`
* [#8454](#8454) Remove internal unused index helper functions
* [#8494](#8494) Improve job stat history retention policy
* [#8496](#8496) Fix dropping chunks with foreign keys
* [#8505](#8505) Add support for partitioning on UUIDv7
* [#8513](#8513) Support multikey SkipScan when all keys are guaranteed to be non-null
* [#8514](#8514) Concurrent continuous aggregates improvements
* [#8528](#8528) Add the `_timescaledb_functions.chunk_status_text` helper function
* [#8529](#8529) Optimize direct compress status handling

**Bugfixes**
* [#8422](#8422) Don't require `columnstore=false` when using the TimescaleDB Apache 2 Edition
* [#8493](#8493) Change log level of `not null` constraint message
* [#8500](#8500) Fix uniqueness check with generated columns and hypercore
* [#8545](#8545) Fix error in LOCF/Interpolate with out-of-order and repeated columns
* [#8558](#8558) Error out on bad args when processing invalidation
* [#8559](#8559) Fix `timestamp out of range` using `end_offset=NULL` on CAgg refresh policy

**GUCs**
* `enable_multikey_skipscan`: Enable SkipScan for multiple distinct keys, default: on
* `enable_uuid_compression`: Enable UUID compression functionality, default: off
* `cagg_processing_wal_batch_size`: Batch size when processing WAL entries, default: 10000
* `cagg_processing_low_work_mem`: Low working memory limit for continuous aggregate invalidation processing, default: 38.4MB
* `cagg_processing_high_work_mem`: High working memory limit for continuous aggregate invalidation processing, default: 51.2MB

**Thanks**
* @CodeTherapist for reporting an issue where foreign key checks did not work after several insert statements
* @moodgorning for reporting a bug in queries with LOCF/Interpolate using out-of-order columns
* @nofalx for reporting an error when using `end_offset=NULL` on CAgg refresh policy
* @pierreforstmann for fixing a bug that happened when dropping chunks with foreign keys
* @Zaczero for reporting a bug with CREATE TABLE WITH when using the TimescaleDB Apache 2 Edition

2.21.3

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Release 2.21.3 (#8480)

## 2.21.3 (2025-08-12)

This release contains performance improvements and bug fixes since the
2.21.2 release. We recommend that you upgrade at the next available
opportunity.

**Bugfixes**
* [#8471](#8471) Fix MERGE
behaviour with updated values

2.21.2

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Release 2.21.2 (#8460)

## 2.21.2 (2025-08-05)

This release contains performance improvements and bug fixes since the
2.21.1 release. We recommend that you upgrade at the next available
opportunity.

**Bugfixes**
* [#8418](#8418) Fix
duplicate constraints in JOIN queries
* [#8426](#8426) Fix chunk
skipping min/max calculation
* [#8434](#8434) Allow
`show_chunks` to process more than 65535 chunks

2.21.1

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Release 2.21.1 (#8403) (#8405)

## 2.21.1 (2025-07-22)

This release contains a bug fix since the 2.21.0 release. We recommend
that you upgrade at the next available opportunity.

**Bugfixes**
* [#8336](#8336) Fix
generic plans for foreign key checks and prepared statements

**Thanks**
* @CodeTherapist for reporting the issue with foreign key checks not
working after several `INSERT` statements

Co-authored-by: Eon <[email protected]>

2.21.0

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Release 2.21.0 (#8325)

## 2.21.0 (2025-07-08)

This release contains performance improvements and bug fixes since the
2.20.3 release. We recommend that you upgrade at the next available
opportunity.

**Highlighted features in TimescaleDB v2.21.0**
* The attach & detach chunks feature allows manually adding or removing
chunks from a hypertable with uncompressed chunks, similar to
PostgreSQL’s partition management.
* Continued improvement of backfilling into the columnstore, achieving
up to 2.5x speedup for constrained tables, by introducing caching logic
that boosts throughput for writes to compressed chunks, bringing
`INSERT` performance close to that of uncompressed chunks.
* Optimized `DELETE` operations on the columstore through batch-level
deletions of non-segmentby keys in the filter condition, greatly
improving performance to up to 42x faster in some cases, as well as
reducing bloat, and lowering resource usage.
* The heavy lock taken in Continuous Aggregate refresh was relaxed,
enabling concurrent refreshes for non-overlapping ranges and eliminating
the need for complex customer workarounds.
* [tech preview] Direct Compress is an innovative TimescaleDB feature
that improves high-volume data ingestion by compressing data in memory
and writing it directly to disk, reducing I/O overhead, eliminating
dependency on background compression jobs, and significantly boosting
insert performance.

**Sunsetting of the hypercore access method**
We made the decision to deprecate hypercore access method (TAM) with the
2.21.0 release. It was an experiment, which did not show the signals we
hoped for and will be sunsetted in TimescaleDB 2.22.0, scheduled for
September 2025. Upgrading to 2.22.0 and higher will be blocked if TAM is
still in use. Since TAM’s inception in
[2.18.0](https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb/releases/tag/2.18.0),
we learned that btrees were not the right architecture. The recent
advancements in the columnstore—such as more performant backfilling,
SkipScan, adding check constraints, and faster point queries—put the
[columnstore](https://www.timescale.com/blog/hypercore-a-hybrid-row-storage-engine-for-real-time-analytics)
close to or on par with TAM without the storage from the additional
index. We apologize for the inconvenience this action potentially causes
and are here to assist you during the migration process.

Migration path

```
do $$
declare   
   relid regclass;
begin
   for relid in
       select cl.oid from pg_class cl
       join pg_am am on (am.oid = cl.relam)
       where am.amname = 'hypercore'
   loop
       raise notice 'converting % to heap', relid::regclass;
       execute format('alter table %s set access method heap', relid);
   end loop;
end
$$;
```

**Features**
* [#8081](#8081) Use JSON
error code for job configuration parsing
* [#8100](#8100) Support
splitting compressed chunks
* [#8131](#8131) Add policy
to process hypertable invalidations
* [#8141](#8141) Add
function to process hypertable invalidations
* [#8165](#8165) Reindex
recompressed chunks in compression policy
* [#8178](#8178) Add
columnstore option to `CREATE TABLE WITH`
* [#8179](#8179) Implement
direct `DELETE` on non-segmentby columns
* [#8182](#8182) Cache
information for repeated upserts into the same compressed chunk
* [#8187](#8187) Allow
concurrent Continuous Aggregate refreshes
* [#8191](#8191) Add option
to not process hypertable invalidations
* [#8196](#8196) Show
deprecation warning for TAM
* [#8208](#8208) Use `NULL`
compression for bool batches with all null values like the other
compression algorithms
* [#8223](#8223) Support
for attach/detach chunk
* [#8265](#8265) Set
incremental Continous Aggregate refresh policy on by default
* [#8274](#8274) Allow
creating concurrent continuous aggregate refresh policies
* [#8314](#8314) Add
support for timescaledb_lake in loader
* [#8209](#8209) Add
experimental support for Direct Compress of `COPY`
* [#8341](#8341) Allow
quick migration from hypercore TAM to (columnstore) heap

**Bugfixes**
* [#8153](#8153) Restoring
a database having NULL compressed data
* [#8164](#8164) Check
columns when creating new chunk from table
* [#8294](#8294) The
"vectorized predicate called for a null value" error for WHERE
conditions like `x = any(null::int[])`.
* [#8307](#8307) Fix
missing catalog entries for bool and null compression in fresh
installations
* [#8323](#8323) Fix DML
issue with expression indexes and BHS

**GUCs**
* `enable_direct_compress_copy`: Enable experimental support for direct
compression during `COPY`, default: off
* `enable_direct_compress_copy_sort_batches`: Enable batch sorting
during direct compress `COPY`, default: on
* `enable_direct_compress_copy_client_sorted`: Correct handling of data
sorting by the user is required for this option, default: off

---------

Signed-off-by: Philip Krauss <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: philkra <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: philkra <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Fabrízio de Royes Mello <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Anastasiia Tovpeko <[email protected]>

2.20.3

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Release 2.20.3 (#8248)

## 2.20.3 (2025-06-11)

This release contains bug fixes since the 2.20.2 release. We recommend
that you upgrade at the next available opportunity.

**Bugfixes**
* [#8107](#8107) Adjust
SkipScan cost for quals needing full scan of indexed data.
* [#8211](#8211) Fixed dump
and restore when chunk skipping is enabled.
* [#8216](#8216) Fix for
dropped quals bug in SkipScan.
* [#8230](#8230) Fix for
inserting into compressed data when a vectorized check is not available.
* [#8236](#8236) Fixed the
snapshot handling in background workers.

**Thanks**
* @ikaakkola for reporting that SkipScan is slow when non-index quals do
not match any tuples.

2.20.2

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Release 2.20.2 (#8203)

## 2.20.2 (2025-06-02)

This release contains bug fixes since the 2.20.1 release. We recommend
that you upgrade at the next available opportunity.

**Bugfixes**
* [#8200](#8202) Fix `NULL`
compression handling for vectorized constraint checking